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<p>The environmental impact of olive mill wastewater (om-ww) in the Fes-Meknes region of Morocco poses significant risks to local water and soil resources due to its high pollutant loads. This study quantified the annual pollutant levels, revealing 87.1&#xa0;kilotonnes (kt) of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 31&#xa0;kt of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), 162.5&#xa0;tonnes of phosphorus, 1.12&#xa0;kt of polyphenols, 915.4 tonnes of nitrates, and 14.7&#xa0;kt of suspended matter. Recognizing the environmental hazards, we explored the conversion of om-ww into renewable energy, specifically biomethane and biohydrogen. The results indicate a potential production of 23&#xa0;million cubic meters of biomethane annually, generating approximately 129,000&#xa0;MWh/year of electricity, sufficient to power 31,048 households. Additionally, the biohydrogen production potential was estimated at 18.8 million cubic meters, capable of fuelling around 3.7 million vehicles annually. These energy transitions could lead to a reduction of CO₂ emissions by 87.5%.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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From waste to biofuels: valorizing olive mill wastewater into biomethane and biohydrogen for environmental integration and sustainability in the Fes-Meknes Region, Morocco

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年2月28日

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  • Mohamed Hafidi,
  • Mohammed El Masbahi,
  • Najim Ittobane,
  • Karima Sebari,
  • Fatiha El Hafiane

摘要

The environmental impact of olive mill wastewater (om-ww) in the Fes-Meknes region of Morocco poses significant risks to local water and soil resources due to its high pollutant loads. This study quantified the annual pollutant levels, revealing 87.1 kilotonnes (kt) of chemical oxygen demand (COD), 31 kt of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD₅), 162.5 tonnes of phosphorus, 1.12 kt of polyphenols, 915.4 tonnes of nitrates, and 14.7 kt of suspended matter. Recognizing the environmental hazards, we explored the conversion of om-ww into renewable energy, specifically biomethane and biohydrogen. The results indicate a potential production of 23 million cubic meters of biomethane annually, generating approximately 129,000 MWh/year of electricity, sufficient to power 31,048 households. Additionally, the biohydrogen production potential was estimated at 18.8 million cubic meters, capable of fuelling around 3.7 million vehicles annually. These energy transitions could lead to a reduction of CO₂ emissions by 87.5%.

Graphical abstract