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<p>The increasing presence of nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment, driven by expanding nanotechnology applications, has raised concerns about their ecological risks and sustainability implications. This study compared the toxicity of CuO/Antlerite-NPs, with particle sizes ranging from 50 to 100&#xa0;nm, and CuCl₂ in a native fish <i>Cnesterodon decemmaculatus</i>. Semi-static bioassays evaluated acute (96&#xa0;h) and subchronic (336&#xa0;h) lethality, neurophysiological disturbance (AChE and BChE activities at 96&#xa0;h), and copper uptake. Fish were more sensitive to ionic copper, with 96 and 168&#xa0;h-LC50 values of 0.25 and 0.20&#xa0;mg/L and 15.24 and 10.39&#xa0;mg/L for CuCl₂ and CuO/Antlerite-NPs, respectively. Despite lower lethality, CuO/Antlerite-NPs promoted high copper uptake, especially at ≥ 1&#xa0;mg/L. BChE increased at 0.075 and 0.1&#xa0;mg/L CuCl₂ and 0.1 and 1&#xa0;mg/L CuO/Antlerite-NPs, while AChE increased only at 0.1&#xa0;mg/L CuO/Antlerite-NPs. Although less lethal, CuO/Antlerite-NPs enhanced copper incorporation and biochemical alterations associated with neurotoxicity, underscoring the need to consider both toxicity and uptake in environmental risk assessment.</p>

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Comparative toxicity of CuO/Antlerite-Nps and copper salt in a freshwater fish, Cnesterodon decemmaculatus

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月22日

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  • Gabriela Svartz,
  • Leandro Dufou,
  • Gustavo Pastrana,
  • Tomas Watters,
  • Diego Germán Lamas,
  • María Celeste Gardey Merino

摘要

The increasing presence of nanoparticles (NPs) in the environment, driven by expanding nanotechnology applications, has raised concerns about their ecological risks and sustainability implications. This study compared the toxicity of CuO/Antlerite-NPs, with particle sizes ranging from 50 to 100 nm, and CuCl₂ in a native fish Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Semi-static bioassays evaluated acute (96 h) and subchronic (336 h) lethality, neurophysiological disturbance (AChE and BChE activities at 96 h), and copper uptake. Fish were more sensitive to ionic copper, with 96 and 168 h-LC50 values of 0.25 and 0.20 mg/L and 15.24 and 10.39 mg/L for CuCl₂ and CuO/Antlerite-NPs, respectively. Despite lower lethality, CuO/Antlerite-NPs promoted high copper uptake, especially at ≥ 1 mg/L. BChE increased at 0.075 and 0.1 mg/L CuCl₂ and 0.1 and 1 mg/L CuO/Antlerite-NPs, while AChE increased only at 0.1 mg/L CuO/Antlerite-NPs. Although less lethal, CuO/Antlerite-NPs enhanced copper incorporation and biochemical alterations associated with neurotoxicity, underscoring the need to consider both toxicity and uptake in environmental risk assessment.