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<p>This work introduces a green and sustainable strategy for tuning the structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanoparticles through selective Li and Mg doping. The objective is to modulate charge carrier dynamics and enhance visible-light photocatalytic efficiency. Pristine and doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis to evaluate structural, morphological, optical, and textural properties. The average particle sizes were determined to be 49.14&#xa0;nm and 48.59&#xa0;nm for 3Li-ZnO and 6Mg-ZnO, respectively. The results reveal that doping modifies the crystal structure and reduces the bandgap energy while increasing the specific surface area compared to pristine ZnO. These changes significantly improve photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the degradation of Orange G dye, where Mg-doped ZnO (6 wt%) exhibited the highest performance with a kinetic constant of 0.0366&#xa0;min⁻¹ and complete dye removal within 180&#xa0;min. The catalyst also demonstrated high stability, maintaining 97.1% degradation efficiency after three cycles. Scavenger experiments further revealed distinct reactive species pathways for Li and Mg doped ZnO, highlighting the influence of dopant type on the photocatalytic mechanism. These findings demonstrate that selective doping provides an effective and sustainable approach to enhancing ZnO-based photocatalysts.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Enhancement of ZnO photocatalytic activity through Li and Mg doping: synthesis, characterization, and performance analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月21日

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  • Loubna El Faroudi,
  • Rkia Zari,
  • Khadija Bari,
  • Yousra El Jemli,
  • Abdellatif Barakat,
  • Latifa Saadi,
  • Mustapha Raihane,
  • Karima Abdelouahdi

摘要

This work introduces a green and sustainable strategy for tuning the structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties of ZnO nanoparticles through selective Li and Mg doping. The objective is to modulate charge carrier dynamics and enhance visible-light photocatalytic efficiency. Pristine and doped ZnO nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area analysis to evaluate structural, morphological, optical, and textural properties. The average particle sizes were determined to be 49.14 nm and 48.59 nm for 3Li-ZnO and 6Mg-ZnO, respectively. The results reveal that doping modifies the crystal structure and reduces the bandgap energy while increasing the specific surface area compared to pristine ZnO. These changes significantly improve photocatalytic performance under visible light irradiation. The photocatalytic activity was evaluated through the degradation of Orange G dye, where Mg-doped ZnO (6 wt%) exhibited the highest performance with a kinetic constant of 0.0366 min⁻¹ and complete dye removal within 180 min. The catalyst also demonstrated high stability, maintaining 97.1% degradation efficiency after three cycles. Scavenger experiments further revealed distinct reactive species pathways for Li and Mg doped ZnO, highlighting the influence of dopant type on the photocatalytic mechanism. These findings demonstrate that selective doping provides an effective and sustainable approach to enhancing ZnO-based photocatalysts.

Graphical abstract