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<p>This study described the comparative green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) using leaf extracts of Rubber (<i>Hevea brasiliensis</i>), Awolowo (<i>Chromolaena odorata</i>), and Oil palm (<i>Elaeis guineensis</i>) as reducing and stabilizing agents. Phenol- and flavonoid-rich phytochemicals promoted nucleation, growth, and stabilization of the nanoparticles. FTIR, DLS, SEM, XRD, BET/BJH, TGA and DTA, confirmed highly crystalline, thermally stable MgONPs with extract-dependent surface properties. Dynamic light scattering showed particle sizes of 44.57&#xa0;nm (Awolowo), 100.3&#xa0;nm (oil palm), and 100.5&#xa0;nm (rubber) with polydispersity indices &lt; 0.5. BET surface areas were 355.96, 318.61, and 251.00&#xa0;m²/g, respectively, with mesoporous structures (2.10–2.13&#xa0;nm). For environmental application, the MgONPs degraded methylene blue under sunlight with efficiencies of 92.82% (Awolowo), 91.63% (oil palm), and 87.78% (rubber). Kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model, while adsorption fitted the Freundlich isotherm, indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. Total organic carbon removal reached 99.11% with Awolowo-mediated MgONPs, demonstrating effective mineralization. The catalysts retained &gt; 80% efficiency after three reuse cycles. Finally, plant-mediated synthesis significantly influenced nanoparticles properties and performance, with <i>Chromolaena odorata</i> derived MgONPs showing superior photocatalytic activity for sustainable wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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Photocatalytic mineralization of methylene blue using biogenic mgo nanoparticles synthesized from tropical plant extracts

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月12日

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  • Godfrey Osatohamwen Otabor,
  • Esther Uwidia Ikhuoria,
  • Ikhazuagbe Hilary Ifijen,
  • Joshua Osaretin Onaifo

摘要

This study described the comparative green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs) using leaf extracts of Rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), Awolowo (Chromolaena odorata), and Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) as reducing and stabilizing agents. Phenol- and flavonoid-rich phytochemicals promoted nucleation, growth, and stabilization of the nanoparticles. FTIR, DLS, SEM, XRD, BET/BJH, TGA and DTA, confirmed highly crystalline, thermally stable MgONPs with extract-dependent surface properties. Dynamic light scattering showed particle sizes of 44.57 nm (Awolowo), 100.3 nm (oil palm), and 100.5 nm (rubber) with polydispersity indices < 0.5. BET surface areas were 355.96, 318.61, and 251.00 m²/g, respectively, with mesoporous structures (2.10–2.13 nm). For environmental application, the MgONPs degraded methylene blue under sunlight with efficiencies of 92.82% (Awolowo), 91.63% (oil palm), and 87.78% (rubber). Kinetics followed a pseudo-first-order model, while adsorption fitted the Freundlich isotherm, indicating multilayer adsorption on heterogeneous surfaces. Total organic carbon removal reached 99.11% with Awolowo-mediated MgONPs, demonstrating effective mineralization. The catalysts retained > 80% efficiency after three reuse cycles. Finally, plant-mediated synthesis significantly influenced nanoparticles properties and performance, with Chromolaena odorata derived MgONPs showing superior photocatalytic activity for sustainable wastewater treatment and environmental remediation.

Graphical abstract