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<p>Emerging demands for ecofriendly multifunctional nanomaterials has increased the research on ZnO – Ag nanocomposites (Ag NCs) that combines the semiconducting and photolytic properties of ZnO with the antimicrobial and conducting properties of Ag. Green synthesis is usually characterized employing plant extracts with the microbial sources that offers sustainable, economical and non-poisonous alternatives with respect to the conventional chemical approaches. The present study offers a comprehensive overview about the green synthesis techniques, physicochemical behavior as well as morphological nature of the ZnO-Ag NCs along with their diverse applications. Several plant mediated methods that involves different extracts like <i>Thymus vulgaris</i>, Tetradenia riparia, Gongura leaves, potato peels, and <i>Salicifolia</i> have been discussed specifying their efficiency as well as reproducibility. The structural and optical characterizations applying UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM proves the successful formulation of ZnO-Ag NCs and the coexistence of distinct ZnO and Ag phases. Increased photolytic performance is observed with the ZnO-Ag NCs exhibiting about 90% degradation efficiency as compared about 84% for pristine ZnO. The present work also explores the antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, catalytic, industrial, and biomedical applications, along with biocompatibility assessments. Potential challenges, toxicity environmental effects, challenges and future scope are also highlighted in this study.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>

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An overview on green synthesis of ZnO–Ag nanocomposites - A multifunctional material for antibacterial, catalytic, and industrial applications

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年5月22日

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  • Ananya Barman,
  • Trina Dutta,
  • Swagata Bhattacherjee,
  • Jit Chakraborty

摘要

Emerging demands for ecofriendly multifunctional nanomaterials has increased the research on ZnO – Ag nanocomposites (Ag NCs) that combines the semiconducting and photolytic properties of ZnO with the antimicrobial and conducting properties of Ag. Green synthesis is usually characterized employing plant extracts with the microbial sources that offers sustainable, economical and non-poisonous alternatives with respect to the conventional chemical approaches. The present study offers a comprehensive overview about the green synthesis techniques, physicochemical behavior as well as morphological nature of the ZnO-Ag NCs along with their diverse applications. Several plant mediated methods that involves different extracts like Thymus vulgaris, Tetradenia riparia, Gongura leaves, potato peels, and Salicifolia have been discussed specifying their efficiency as well as reproducibility. The structural and optical characterizations applying UV-Vis, FT-IR, XRD, SEM and TEM proves the successful formulation of ZnO-Ag NCs and the coexistence of distinct ZnO and Ag phases. Increased photolytic performance is observed with the ZnO-Ag NCs exhibiting about 90% degradation efficiency as compared about 84% for pristine ZnO. The present work also explores the antibacterial, antioxidant, antifungal, catalytic, industrial, and biomedical applications, along with biocompatibility assessments. Potential challenges, toxicity environmental effects, challenges and future scope are also highlighted in this study.

Graphical abstract