<p>Zirconium-based metal–organic frameworks (Zr-MOFs) have emerged as advanced nanomaterials for next-generation nanofiltration (NF) membranes, offering significant advantages due to their outstanding chemical stability, high surface area, and tunable pore structures. These properties enable enhanced membrane performance in terms of selectivity, permeability, and resistance to fouling. This review presents a comprehensive review of recent progress in the integration of Zr-MOFs into NF membranes, exploring various synthesis approaches, fabrication techniques, and the physicochemical characteristics that govern their filtration behaviour. The functional roles of Zr-MOFs in applications such as water purification, dye removal, and organic solvent nanofiltration are examined in detail. Furthermore, the review critically discusses key challenges, including interfacial compatibility with polymer matrices, scalability of production, and long-term operational stability. The novelty of this review lies in its exclusive focus on Zr-MOF-based NF membranes, distinguishing it from prior reviews that have broadly examined MOFs or nanomaterial-modified membranes. By systematically consolidating insights on the unique stability, versatility, and application potential of Zr-MOFs, this chapter provides a dedicated perspective that advances understanding of their role as transformative building blocks for high-performance NF technologies. Future perspectives highlight research directions aimed at translating these materials from laboratory research to practical, real-world applications.</p> Graphical abstract <p></p>