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<p>Drought is a polygenically controlled stress, a significant agricultural concern, and it lowers crop yield though limiting successful insight into the potential of land around the world. To address this issue, the use of nanoparticle-based formulations has become a prominent avenue for mitigating drought stress on plants. This investigation evaluated the potential of Cerium nanoparticles (Ce NPs) to enhance drought tolerance in wheat. Wheat plants were subjected to foliar applications of Ce NPs at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm under two different irrigation regimes: well-watered conditions (100% soil moisture) and drought stress (50% soil moisture). The drought treatment resulted in substantial reductions in crop yield and key morphological traits. However, the foliar application of Cerium NPs (52&#xa0;nm) across all concentrations improved the wheat plants’ tolerance to water stress, with the 50 ppm concentration demonstrating the most pronounced beneficial effects in terms of enhancing drought resistance. Following usage of cerium NPs at 50 ppm, the wheat plants exhibited notable improvements, including a 6.03% increase in plant height, an 88.75% rise in spikes per plant, a 55.83% boost in seeds per spike, and a 41.56% enhancement in thousand seed weight under drought stress, compared to the control. Additionally, the study investigated the expression levels of four drought-stress responsive genes—<i>WRKY19</i>,<i> Wdhn13</i>,<i> EXP2</i>, and <i>CHP</i>. Cerium NPs enhanced stress gene expression in water-deficient plants, indicating a positive molecular effect. In conclusion, the results indicate that cerium nanoparticles play a crucial role in alleviating drought-induced stress by promoting plant growth and regulating gene expression. </p> <b>G</b>raphical Abstract <p>Illustrating the impact of Cerium NPs in alleviating plant drought stress by considering morphological changes, yield-related factors, and the expression of genes responsive to drought (constructed using BioRenders.com)</p> <p></p>

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Biosynthesized cerium nanoparticles: evaluating their impact on wheat Growth, Yield, and gene expression under drought conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年11月18日

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  • Rekha Boora,
  • Neelam Rani,
  • Santosh Kumari,
  • Sapna Grewal

摘要

Drought is a polygenically controlled stress, a significant agricultural concern, and it lowers crop yield though limiting successful insight into the potential of land around the world. To address this issue, the use of nanoparticle-based formulations has become a prominent avenue for mitigating drought stress on plants. This investigation evaluated the potential of Cerium nanoparticles (Ce NPs) to enhance drought tolerance in wheat. Wheat plants were subjected to foliar applications of Ce NPs at concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm under two different irrigation regimes: well-watered conditions (100% soil moisture) and drought stress (50% soil moisture). The drought treatment resulted in substantial reductions in crop yield and key morphological traits. However, the foliar application of Cerium NPs (52 nm) across all concentrations improved the wheat plants’ tolerance to water stress, with the 50 ppm concentration demonstrating the most pronounced beneficial effects in terms of enhancing drought resistance. Following usage of cerium NPs at 50 ppm, the wheat plants exhibited notable improvements, including a 6.03% increase in plant height, an 88.75% rise in spikes per plant, a 55.83% boost in seeds per spike, and a 41.56% enhancement in thousand seed weight under drought stress, compared to the control. Additionally, the study investigated the expression levels of four drought-stress responsive genes—WRKY19, Wdhn13, EXP2, and CHP. Cerium NPs enhanced stress gene expression in water-deficient plants, indicating a positive molecular effect. In conclusion, the results indicate that cerium nanoparticles play a crucial role in alleviating drought-induced stress by promoting plant growth and regulating gene expression.

Graphical Abstract

Illustrating the impact of Cerium NPs in alleviating plant drought stress by considering morphological changes, yield-related factors, and the expression of genes responsive to drought (constructed using BioRenders.com)