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<p>Green nanomaterials (GNMs) have emerged as an environmentally friendly and innovative approach to enhancing soil fertility by improving nutrient release efficiency (NRE), microbial activity, and overall soil physicochemical properties. This review highlights different types of GNMs and their roles in strengthening soil quality, microbial enzymatic functions, and plant resilience against drought and salinity stress. Their interaction with soil organic matter and their potential to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils are also discussed alongside associated environmental and ecotoxicological concerns. Furthermore, challenges related to stability, bioavailability, and regulatory aspects of GNMs in agriculture are evaluated, with emphasis on research gaps in their application and strategies for risk management to ensure their long-term safety for soil microbes and ecosystems. Importantly, by improving soil health and crop productivity, GNMs offer a promising route to increase food production and contribute to global food security. This review aims to provide critical insights into the role of GNMs in soil fertility and their potential to support sustainable agriculture.</p>

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Green nanomaterials for soil fertility; A promising approach to combat world’s hunger

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年10月9日

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  • Muhammad Irfan,
  • Aqsa Javed,
  • Abeer Zafar

摘要

Green nanomaterials (GNMs) have emerged as an environmentally friendly and innovative approach to enhancing soil fertility by improving nutrient release efficiency (NRE), microbial activity, and overall soil physicochemical properties. This review highlights different types of GNMs and their roles in strengthening soil quality, microbial enzymatic functions, and plant resilience against drought and salinity stress. Their interaction with soil organic matter and their potential to remove heavy metals from contaminated soils are also discussed alongside associated environmental and ecotoxicological concerns. Furthermore, challenges related to stability, bioavailability, and regulatory aspects of GNMs in agriculture are evaluated, with emphasis on research gaps in their application and strategies for risk management to ensure their long-term safety for soil microbes and ecosystems. Importantly, by improving soil health and crop productivity, GNMs offer a promising route to increase food production and contribute to global food security. This review aims to provide critical insights into the role of GNMs in soil fertility and their potential to support sustainable agriculture.