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<p>The present study was conducted with a rigorous experimental design to investigate the effects of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO NPs) on growth, biochemical properties, and oxidative stress responses in tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum L.</i>) plants. A factorial experiment was conducted to compare the impact of MnO NPs and bulk manganese oxide (MnO) at 10, 25, and 50&#xa0;mg/L. MnO NPs were synthesized using thermal decomposition and applied foliarly. The morphological (length, biomass), biochemical (chlorophyll, phenol, flavonoid, and protein levels), and antioxidant parameters (DPPH, malondialdehyde, and proline) analyses were performed using spectrophotometric methods. Enzyme activities (polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase) were also analyzed. Our results revealed that MnO NPs significantly outperformed MnO in promoting tomato growth at the optimal concentration of 10&#xa0;mg/L. Specifically, MnO NPs increased root fresh weight by 227%, shoot fresh weight by 189%, root length by 114%, and shoot length by 174% compared to the control. Biochemically, MnO NPs also enhanced chlorophyll a and b by 83% and 49%, total phenolic content by 84% in roots, and flavonoid content by 3% in both roots and shoots. Additionally, MnO NPs significantly reduced oxidative stress markers, with a 126% reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) in shoots and a 245% decrease in proline in roots, highlighting improved stress tolerance. At higher concentrations (50&#xa0;mg/L), MnO NPs induced oxidative stress, leading to reduced growth and biochemical performance. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities also showed peak enhancement at 10&#xa0;mg/L MnO NPs, with increases of 65% in PPO activity in roots and 125% in GPX activity in shoots, further indicating enhanced antioxidant defense at optimal nanoparticle levels. The findings contribute valuable insights into the application of nanoparticles in agriculture, paving the way for improved crop yield and resilience against oxidative stress.</p>

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Elucidating the dual role of MnO nanoparticles in modulating growth dynamics, antioxidant enzyme activity, and stress mitigation in Solanum lycopersicum L

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年8月28日

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  • Hosnieh Heydari,
  • Sedigheh Esmaeilzadeh Bahabadi,
  • Razieh Rahmatizadeh,
  • Zohreh Razmara,
  • Nusrat Easmin,
  • Hamidreza Sharifan

摘要

The present study was conducted with a rigorous experimental design to investigate the effects of manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO NPs) on growth, biochemical properties, and oxidative stress responses in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants. A factorial experiment was conducted to compare the impact of MnO NPs and bulk manganese oxide (MnO) at 10, 25, and 50 mg/L. MnO NPs were synthesized using thermal decomposition and applied foliarly. The morphological (length, biomass), biochemical (chlorophyll, phenol, flavonoid, and protein levels), and antioxidant parameters (DPPH, malondialdehyde, and proline) analyses were performed using spectrophotometric methods. Enzyme activities (polyphenol oxidase and guaiacol peroxidase) were also analyzed. Our results revealed that MnO NPs significantly outperformed MnO in promoting tomato growth at the optimal concentration of 10 mg/L. Specifically, MnO NPs increased root fresh weight by 227%, shoot fresh weight by 189%, root length by 114%, and shoot length by 174% compared to the control. Biochemically, MnO NPs also enhanced chlorophyll a and b by 83% and 49%, total phenolic content by 84% in roots, and flavonoid content by 3% in both roots and shoots. Additionally, MnO NPs significantly reduced oxidative stress markers, with a 126% reduction in malondialdehyde (MDA) in shoots and a 245% decrease in proline in roots, highlighting improved stress tolerance. At higher concentrations (50 mg/L), MnO NPs induced oxidative stress, leading to reduced growth and biochemical performance. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities also showed peak enhancement at 10 mg/L MnO NPs, with increases of 65% in PPO activity in roots and 125% in GPX activity in shoots, further indicating enhanced antioxidant defense at optimal nanoparticle levels. The findings contribute valuable insights into the application of nanoparticles in agriculture, paving the way for improved crop yield and resilience against oxidative stress.