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<p>This present study investigates the concentration-driven interactions of chitosan-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (CS-FeNPs, 1000&#xa0;g/mol) in seed nano-priming and germination performance of <i>Lactuca sativa</i> (lettuce). CS-FeNPs were synthesized via co-precipitation and characterized for morphology, size, and stability using TEM, FE-SEM, DLS, XRD, and FTIR. Biological experiments at 1, 25, 50, 75, and 100&#xa0;ppm assessed their effects on germination rate, root elongation, and shoot growth. At the lowest concentration (1&#xa0;ppm), CS-FeNPs exhibited superior dispersion and stability, with a high zeta potential (+ 40.7&#xa0;mV) and optimal hydrodynamic size (107.1&#xa0;nm), enhancing germination performance. In contrast, higher concentrations led to aggregation, reducing bioavailability and biological efficacy. Notably, 1&#xa0;ppm CS-FeNPs significantly improved seed germination rates, root and shoot elongation, and fresh weight compared to higher concentrations and controls. Shoot-to-root ratio analysis highlighted balanced growth dynamics at 1&#xa0;ppm, suggesting optimized nutrient uptake and plant vigour. This study underscores the importance of determining optimal nanoparticle concentrations to maximize agricultural benefits while ensuring environmental safety. The findings position CS-FeNPs at 1&#xa0;ppm as a cost-effective and sustainable nano-priming agent, with implications for enhancing agricultural productivity through eco-friendly nanotechnology.</p>

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Concentration-driven interactions of chitosan-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles in seed nano-priming and germination performance of Lactuca sativa

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月23日

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  • Nurfarwizah Adzuan Hafiz,
  • Anca Awal Sembada,
  • Mohamed Syazwan Osman,
  • Noor Fitrah Abu Bakar,
  • Mohamad Sufian So’aib,
  • I. Wuled Lenggoro

摘要

This present study investigates the concentration-driven interactions of chitosan-stabilized iron oxide nanoparticles (CS-FeNPs, 1000 g/mol) in seed nano-priming and germination performance of Lactuca sativa (lettuce). CS-FeNPs were synthesized via co-precipitation and characterized for morphology, size, and stability using TEM, FE-SEM, DLS, XRD, and FTIR. Biological experiments at 1, 25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm assessed their effects on germination rate, root elongation, and shoot growth. At the lowest concentration (1 ppm), CS-FeNPs exhibited superior dispersion and stability, with a high zeta potential (+ 40.7 mV) and optimal hydrodynamic size (107.1 nm), enhancing germination performance. In contrast, higher concentrations led to aggregation, reducing bioavailability and biological efficacy. Notably, 1 ppm CS-FeNPs significantly improved seed germination rates, root and shoot elongation, and fresh weight compared to higher concentrations and controls. Shoot-to-root ratio analysis highlighted balanced growth dynamics at 1 ppm, suggesting optimized nutrient uptake and plant vigour. This study underscores the importance of determining optimal nanoparticle concentrations to maximize agricultural benefits while ensuring environmental safety. The findings position CS-FeNPs at 1 ppm as a cost-effective and sustainable nano-priming agent, with implications for enhancing agricultural productivity through eco-friendly nanotechnology.