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<p>Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) are among the most sought-after nanomaterials, widely utilized in various consumer products, including personal care items, paints, coatings, and food colourings. However, their pervasive use raises concerns regarding potential adverse effects on organisms and ecosystems. To address these issues, we explored surface modification of TiO₂ NPs using chitosan, a naturally occurring biopolymer, as a coating material to create a biomaterial-based nanoparticle suitable for consumer applications. The integration of TiO₂ into chitosan was characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> was employed as a model organism to evaluate the toxicity of the coated nanoparticles, in line with ethical regulations to minimize animal testing. Toxicity assessments were conducted on both larvae and adult flies. Our results revealed variations in antioxidant enzyme activity, indicating the activation of nanoparticle clearance pathways. While slight variations in antioxidant mechanisms were observed, the cumulative response did not suggest significant toxicity. The activation of antioxidant enzymes is a typical response to xenobiotic ingestion. In conclusion, while the study highlights the potential of chitosan-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles as a safer alternative in cosmetic applications future investigations involving mammalian cell lines are necessary to comprehensively evaluate their safety profile and ensure consumer safety.</p>

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Chitosan-coated titanium dioxide nanoparticles: fabrication, characterisation and toxicological evaluation in Drosophila melanogaster

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年3月7日

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  • Sharine Priscilla,
  • G. Devanand Venkatasubbu,
  • Sahabudeen Sheik Mohideen

摘要

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) are among the most sought-after nanomaterials, widely utilized in various consumer products, including personal care items, paints, coatings, and food colourings. However, their pervasive use raises concerns regarding potential adverse effects on organisms and ecosystems. To address these issues, we explored surface modification of TiO₂ NPs using chitosan, a naturally occurring biopolymer, as a coating material to create a biomaterial-based nanoparticle suitable for consumer applications. The integration of TiO₂ into chitosan was characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-Vis spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Drosophila melanogaster was employed as a model organism to evaluate the toxicity of the coated nanoparticles, in line with ethical regulations to minimize animal testing. Toxicity assessments were conducted on both larvae and adult flies. Our results revealed variations in antioxidant enzyme activity, indicating the activation of nanoparticle clearance pathways. While slight variations in antioxidant mechanisms were observed, the cumulative response did not suggest significant toxicity. The activation of antioxidant enzymes is a typical response to xenobiotic ingestion. In conclusion, while the study highlights the potential of chitosan-coated TiO₂ nanoparticles as a safer alternative in cosmetic applications future investigations involving mammalian cell lines are necessary to comprehensively evaluate their safety profile and ensure consumer safety.