<p>Sustainable non-leaching nanoparticle-functionalized natural fabrics are gaining significant attention for their enhanced durability, safety, and environmental benefits. This review examines the leaching behavior of various nanoparticles - silver, copper, and zinc oxide - when applied to natural fabrics and evaluates their impact on fabric durability and environmental safety. Key factors contributing to nanoparticle leaching are explored, along with remediation strategies such as pad-dry cure method, sonochemical deposition, enzyme crosslinking to minimize their release. Additionally, the review highlights the diverse applications of these functional fabrics across sectors such as healthcare, sports, and defense, and discusses future prospects for advancing non-leaching fabric technologies. In conclusion, the review findings suggest that proper adhesion of nanoparticles onto the fabric using precise methods paves the way for eco-friendly functional fabric.</p> Graphical Abstract <p></p>

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Non-leaching nanoparticle functionalized natural fabrics: A review on durability, environmental impacts, and applications

  • H. Shilo Nesa Sherlin,
  • Tarangini Korumilli,
  • K. Jagajjanani Rao

摘要

Sustainable non-leaching nanoparticle-functionalized natural fabrics are gaining significant attention for their enhanced durability, safety, and environmental benefits. This review examines the leaching behavior of various nanoparticles - silver, copper, and zinc oxide - when applied to natural fabrics and evaluates their impact on fabric durability and environmental safety. Key factors contributing to nanoparticle leaching are explored, along with remediation strategies such as pad-dry cure method, sonochemical deposition, enzyme crosslinking to minimize their release. Additionally, the review highlights the diverse applications of these functional fabrics across sectors such as healthcare, sports, and defense, and discusses future prospects for advancing non-leaching fabric technologies. In conclusion, the review findings suggest that proper adhesion of nanoparticles onto the fabric using precise methods paves the way for eco-friendly functional fabric.

Graphical Abstract