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<p>This paper addresses the thermal management of batteries during fast charging of electric vehicles. Using comprehensive measurement data from a state-of-the-art battery electric vehicle (BEV), a control-oriented model of the battery and its thermal system is developed and parameterized. The existing thermal management strategy for fast charging is first analyzed, after which a predictive strategy specifically for this use case is proposed. The approach consists of two steps: offline setpoint optimization via dynamic programming and optimal control allocation using nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). The strategy’s performance is evaluated using a validated high-fidelity simulation model. Compared to the existing state-of-the-art strategy, the proposed predictive approach reduces energy consumption by up to 0.41&#xa0; kWh at moderate ambient temperatures through efficient cooling, and shortens charging time by up to 4.5% at low ambient temperatures through aggressive heating.</p>

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Predictive battery thermal management for fast charging of electric vehicles using nonlinear model predictive control and dynamic programming

  • 期刊论文

  • 出版模式：

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  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月17日

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  • Lukas Acker,
  • Peter Hofmann,
  • Johannes Konrad

摘要

This paper addresses the thermal management of batteries during fast charging of electric vehicles. Using comprehensive measurement data from a state-of-the-art battery electric vehicle (BEV), a control-oriented model of the battery and its thermal system is developed and parameterized. The existing thermal management strategy for fast charging is first analyzed, after which a predictive strategy specifically for this use case is proposed. The approach consists of two steps: offline setpoint optimization via dynamic programming and optimal control allocation using nonlinear model predictive control (NMPC). The strategy’s performance is evaluated using a validated high-fidelity simulation model. Compared to the existing state-of-the-art strategy, the proposed predictive approach reduces energy consumption by up to 0.41  kWh at moderate ambient temperatures through efficient cooling, and shortens charging time by up to 4.5% at low ambient temperatures through aggressive heating.