<p>Agricultural irrigation has become one of the main drivers of pressure on water resources in the Araguaia River Basin (ARB) over the past three decades. This basin spans the Cerrado and Amazon biomes and, despite extensive research on land-use change and ecological impacts, it remains notably understudied with respect to how irrigation growth relates to the depletion of water resources. This study analyzes the expansion of irrigated areas from 1993 to 2023 and projects future scenarios for 2040 to support water-resource governance and agricultural planning. Using statistically corrected vector data, time-series analysis, and projection models, the study identifies significant spatial and temporal growth in irrigation. Compared with MapBiomas data, after manual correction, the irrigated areas under center pivots showed a 14.89% increase, while in the sub-basins with flood irrigation the percentage error was 21.33%, both referring to the year 2023. Irrigated areas increased by 982% over three decades, from 20,273.54&#xa0;ha to 219,346.18&#xa0;ha, with projections indicating a potential expansion to 592,181.7&#xa0;ha by 2040. The largest irrigated areas occur in the Alto-Médio Araguaia, Rio Vermelho, Alto Rio das Mortes, Rio Formoso, Rio Pium, and Rio Javaés sub-basins. Soybean and corn cultivated under center-pivot irrigation systems account for 54.7% of the irrigated area, while rice grown under flood irrigation represents the remaining 45.3%. Irrigation water demand reached 2.67 × 10<sup>10</sup> m<sup>3</sup> in 2023 and is projected to increase to 7.18 × 10<sup>10</sup>m<sup>3</sup> by 2040, reinforcing the need for integrated water-resource management and long-term planning to ensure sustainable water allocation within the Araguaia River Basin.</p>

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Water Demand and Dynamics of Irrigation Expansion in the Araguaia River Basin, Brazil (1993–2040)

  • Célsio Assane,
  • Alinne de Assis Veras Queiroz,
  • Lucas Peres Angelini,
  • Andriane de Melo Rodrigues,
  • Édio Damásio da Silva Júnior

摘要

Agricultural irrigation has become one of the main drivers of pressure on water resources in the Araguaia River Basin (ARB) over the past three decades. This basin spans the Cerrado and Amazon biomes and, despite extensive research on land-use change and ecological impacts, it remains notably understudied with respect to how irrigation growth relates to the depletion of water resources. This study analyzes the expansion of irrigated areas from 1993 to 2023 and projects future scenarios for 2040 to support water-resource governance and agricultural planning. Using statistically corrected vector data, time-series analysis, and projection models, the study identifies significant spatial and temporal growth in irrigation. Compared with MapBiomas data, after manual correction, the irrigated areas under center pivots showed a 14.89% increase, while in the sub-basins with flood irrigation the percentage error was 21.33%, both referring to the year 2023. Irrigated areas increased by 982% over three decades, from 20,273.54 ha to 219,346.18 ha, with projections indicating a potential expansion to 592,181.7 ha by 2040. The largest irrigated areas occur in the Alto-Médio Araguaia, Rio Vermelho, Alto Rio das Mortes, Rio Formoso, Rio Pium, and Rio Javaés sub-basins. Soybean and corn cultivated under center-pivot irrigation systems account for 54.7% of the irrigated area, while rice grown under flood irrigation represents the remaining 45.3%. Irrigation water demand reached 2.67 × 1010 m3 in 2023 and is projected to increase to 7.18 × 1010m3 by 2040, reinforcing the need for integrated water-resource management and long-term planning to ensure sustainable water allocation within the Araguaia River Basin.