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<p>Broad-crested weirs (BCWs) are widely used for flow regulation in irrigation canals, yet their conventional design is rarely evaluated through an integrated sustainability lens. This study proposes a design-stage decision framework that couples (i) hydraulic feasibility, (ii) concrete-volume minimization via a genetic algorithm (GA), and (iii) scenario-based embodied-carbon and transport-emission accounting. Two prefabricated BCW geometries (rectangular and trapezoidal) are assessed for two representative design discharges of an agricultural canal. The framework is demonstrated through a real-scale, site-constrained design-stage case study of prefabricated broad-crested weirs for an agricultural irrigation canal, using scenario-based environmental assessment rather than post-construction monitoring. Sustainability is evaluated using a Carbon Payback Time (CPT) screening metric and a novel Combined Sustainability Index (CSI) that integrates cost, embodied CO₂, and hydraulic efficiency through transparent normalization and weighting scenarios. The concrete volume was minimized up to 36.4% for the rectangular weir, with material cost savings of approximately 1.8 USD/m. Embodied carbon analysis revealed a reduction of about 36% at Q = 0.50&#xa0;m³/s. The Carbon Payback Time (CPT) assessment showed that lower-discharge designs maintain a positive carbon balance, whereas high-discharge cases may lose their net benefit unless low-carbon transport is adopted. CSI = 0.97 identified the rectangular BCW as the most sustainable configuration. The proposed CSI–CPT framework offers a practical tool for early-stage selection of prefabricated BCW designs under combined hydraulic, economic, and environmental considerations.</p>

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Prefabricated Broad-Crested Weirs: A Novel Sustainability Framework Integrating Hydraulic Optimization, Cost, and Embodied Carbon

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月2日

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  • Kamran Mohammadi,
  • Samira Bagheri

摘要

Broad-crested weirs (BCWs) are widely used for flow regulation in irrigation canals, yet their conventional design is rarely evaluated through an integrated sustainability lens. This study proposes a design-stage decision framework that couples (i) hydraulic feasibility, (ii) concrete-volume minimization via a genetic algorithm (GA), and (iii) scenario-based embodied-carbon and transport-emission accounting. Two prefabricated BCW geometries (rectangular and trapezoidal) are assessed for two representative design discharges of an agricultural canal. The framework is demonstrated through a real-scale, site-constrained design-stage case study of prefabricated broad-crested weirs for an agricultural irrigation canal, using scenario-based environmental assessment rather than post-construction monitoring. Sustainability is evaluated using a Carbon Payback Time (CPT) screening metric and a novel Combined Sustainability Index (CSI) that integrates cost, embodied CO₂, and hydraulic efficiency through transparent normalization and weighting scenarios. The concrete volume was minimized up to 36.4% for the rectangular weir, with material cost savings of approximately 1.8 USD/m. Embodied carbon analysis revealed a reduction of about 36% at Q = 0.50 m³/s. The Carbon Payback Time (CPT) assessment showed that lower-discharge designs maintain a positive carbon balance, whereas high-discharge cases may lose their net benefit unless low-carbon transport is adopted. CSI = 0.97 identified the rectangular BCW as the most sustainable configuration. The proposed CSI–CPT framework offers a practical tool for early-stage selection of prefabricated BCW designs under combined hydraulic, economic, and environmental considerations.