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<p>Moroccan agriculture is increasingly constrained by climate change, making the selection of forage crops with high water use efficiency essential. This study compares the applied water use efficiency (AWUE) of maize and sorghum under three irrigation regimes in the semi-arid climate of Tadla. The experiment, conducted at the National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA) in Tadla, evaluated maize and sorghum irrigated with 100% (I1), 75% (I2), and 50% (I3) of maize crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Plant morphology, stomatal conductance, dry biomass, and AWUE were assessed. Both crops received 500, 375, and 250&#xa0;mm of water in I1, I2, and I3, respectively. After 971&#xa0;°C·d, plant height was similar in both species; however, sorghum later exceeded maize, reaching 280.5&#xa0;cm compared with 203.75&#xa0;cm under I1 at 1985&#xa0;°C·d. Height reduction between I1 and I3 reached 20.12% in maize and 40.73% in sorghum. Leaf number was unaffected by irrigation, although sorghum maintained greener foliage while maize displayed pronounced senescence. Stem diameter decreased only under I3 (2.49&#xa0;cm after 1985&#xa0;°C d). Stomatal conductance was consistently higher in sorghum (102.86 vs. 73.98 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ in maize at 1985&#xa0;°C·d) and declined under water stress. Sorghum produced 17.8 t ha⁻¹ (I1) and 16.49 t ha⁻¹ (I2), a 14.72% reduction, while maize biomass decreased by 32.1% in I2 and 64.2% in I3, yielding only 3.8 t ha⁻¹ compared with 9.5 t ha⁻¹ for sorghum in I3. Sorghum root biomass was higher across treatments (403.35&#xa0;g m⁻¹ vs. 179.81&#xa0;g m⁻¹ for maize in I1) but fell by 57.15% under I3. AWUE was consistently superior in sorghum, reaching 4.05&#xa0;kg m⁻³ in I2 and 3.80&#xa0;kg m⁻³ in I3, confirming its better adaptation to water-limited conditions in Tadla perimeter.</p>

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Comparative Assessment of Applied Water Use Efficiency and Agronomic Performance of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) and Maize (Zea mays) Cultivated Under Semi-arid Conditions in Tadla (Morocco)

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月2日

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  • Sadiki Kenza,
  • Benbati Mohammed,
  • Elfazazi Kaoutar,
  • Bassou Bouazzama

摘要

Moroccan agriculture is increasingly constrained by climate change, making the selection of forage crops with high water use efficiency essential. This study compares the applied water use efficiency (AWUE) of maize and sorghum under three irrigation regimes in the semi-arid climate of Tadla. The experiment, conducted at the National Institute of Agronomic Research (INRA) in Tadla, evaluated maize and sorghum irrigated with 100% (I1), 75% (I2), and 50% (I3) of maize crop evapotranspiration (ETc). Plant morphology, stomatal conductance, dry biomass, and AWUE were assessed. Both crops received 500, 375, and 250 mm of water in I1, I2, and I3, respectively. After 971 °C·d, plant height was similar in both species; however, sorghum later exceeded maize, reaching 280.5 cm compared with 203.75 cm under I1 at 1985 °C·d. Height reduction between I1 and I3 reached 20.12% in maize and 40.73% in sorghum. Leaf number was unaffected by irrigation, although sorghum maintained greener foliage while maize displayed pronounced senescence. Stem diameter decreased only under I3 (2.49 cm after 1985 °C d). Stomatal conductance was consistently higher in sorghum (102.86 vs. 73.98 mmol m⁻² s⁻¹ in maize at 1985 °C·d) and declined under water stress. Sorghum produced 17.8 t ha⁻¹ (I1) and 16.49 t ha⁻¹ (I2), a 14.72% reduction, while maize biomass decreased by 32.1% in I2 and 64.2% in I3, yielding only 3.8 t ha⁻¹ compared with 9.5 t ha⁻¹ for sorghum in I3. Sorghum root biomass was higher across treatments (403.35 g m⁻¹ vs. 179.81 g m⁻¹ for maize in I1) but fell by 57.15% under I3. AWUE was consistently superior in sorghum, reaching 4.05 kg m⁻³ in I2 and 3.80 kg m⁻³ in I3, confirming its better adaptation to water-limited conditions in Tadla perimeter.