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<p>Access to clean freshwater remains a major challenge in arid and coastal regions, where solar distillation offers a sustainable but productivity-limited solution. This study investigates the performance enhancement of a pyramid solar still (PSS) through the integration of hollow circular fins, aimed at improving heat absorption and evaporation rates. Four configurations were experimentally tested under identical climatic conditions: a conventional pyramid solar still (CPSS) and modified systems containing 9, 15, and 25 hollow fins attached to the absorber plate. The results show that increasing the fin count significantly elevates basin water temperature and enhances the evaporative heat transfer coefficient, leading to higher freshwater yield. The highest productivity of 3.44 L/m<sup>2</sup>/day was recorded for the 25-fin configuration, representing an ~ 81% improvement over the CPSS. The corresponding energy and exergy efficiencies reached 41.5% and 6.8%, respectively. An economic assessment revealed the shortest payback period of 37&#xa0;days for the 25-fin system, demonstrating strong practical feasibility. The novelty of this work lies in the optimization of hollow fin count to simultaneously enhance thermal performance and reduce cost per liter, without relying on external heating or phase-change storage materials. This makes the proposed design suitable for decentralized and low-resource water production in remote communities.</p>

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Performance Enhancement of Pyramid Solar Stills with Hollow Circular Finned Absorber Plates: An Experimental Study with Energy, Exergy, and Economic Analysis

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Ons Ghriss,
  • Sirine Dhaoui,
  • Abdallah Bouabidi,
  • Mohammed El Hadi Attia,
  • Moataz M. Abdel-Aziz,
  • Mohamed Razak Jeday

摘要

Access to clean freshwater remains a major challenge in arid and coastal regions, where solar distillation offers a sustainable but productivity-limited solution. This study investigates the performance enhancement of a pyramid solar still (PSS) through the integration of hollow circular fins, aimed at improving heat absorption and evaporation rates. Four configurations were experimentally tested under identical climatic conditions: a conventional pyramid solar still (CPSS) and modified systems containing 9, 15, and 25 hollow fins attached to the absorber plate. The results show that increasing the fin count significantly elevates basin water temperature and enhances the evaporative heat transfer coefficient, leading to higher freshwater yield. The highest productivity of 3.44 L/m2/day was recorded for the 25-fin configuration, representing an ~ 81% improvement over the CPSS. The corresponding energy and exergy efficiencies reached 41.5% and 6.8%, respectively. An economic assessment revealed the shortest payback period of 37 days for the 25-fin system, demonstrating strong practical feasibility. The novelty of this work lies in the optimization of hollow fin count to simultaneously enhance thermal performance and reduce cost per liter, without relying on external heating or phase-change storage materials. This makes the proposed design suitable for decentralized and low-resource water production in remote communities.