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<p>This review paper systematically analyzes design modifications and performance improvements of solar stills with glass cooling taking care of the most important issue of poor freshwater productivity of the conventional desalination solar system. The methodology is a thorough review of different methods of glass cooling such as water film cooling, the concept of double glass glazing, and the combination of hybrid-systems with integration of nanomaterials and add-ons, internal and external, and even physical alterations of structure. Important discoveries indicate considerable results in the enhancement of performance: water film cooling showed a gain of up to 58.98% in productivity, whereas the use of double-glass glazing showed an increase in efficiency under certain insulation circumstances. Yields were also enhanced by 121% and 53.95 using nanofluids such as Al₂O₃ and graphite, respectively. Systems using glass-cooled parabolic concentrators or photovoltaic panels in a hybrid system registered productivity boost of as much as 152.69%. Other structural improvements like the step basins and the hemispherical designs saw remarkable improvement with individual basins recording up to 127.27% in enhancement. The conclusion of the review is that the glass cooling applied, and especially when combined with advanced materials and optimizations in design, has a profound impact on performance of a solar still providing a sustainable and regular supply of freshwater. Nevertheless, aspects like the best choice of cooling parameters and affordability need even more research in order to popularize its application.</p>

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Solar Stills with Glass Cooling Techniques: A Systematic Review of Multi-method Efficiency Enhancements, Hybrid Systems, and Practical Barriers

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年9月6日

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  • Farhan Lafta Rashid,
  • Saif Ali Kadhim,
  • Najah M. L. Al-Maimuri,
  • Moafaq K. S. Al-Ghezi,
  • Mushtaq K. Abdalrahem,
  • Abdallah Bouabidi,
  • Ahmed Kadhim Hussein,
  • Raad Z. Homod,
  • Ali M. Ashour

摘要

This review paper systematically analyzes design modifications and performance improvements of solar stills with glass cooling taking care of the most important issue of poor freshwater productivity of the conventional desalination solar system. The methodology is a thorough review of different methods of glass cooling such as water film cooling, the concept of double glass glazing, and the combination of hybrid-systems with integration of nanomaterials and add-ons, internal and external, and even physical alterations of structure. Important discoveries indicate considerable results in the enhancement of performance: water film cooling showed a gain of up to 58.98% in productivity, whereas the use of double-glass glazing showed an increase in efficiency under certain insulation circumstances. Yields were also enhanced by 121% and 53.95 using nanofluids such as Al₂O₃ and graphite, respectively. Systems using glass-cooled parabolic concentrators or photovoltaic panels in a hybrid system registered productivity boost of as much as 152.69%. Other structural improvements like the step basins and the hemispherical designs saw remarkable improvement with individual basins recording up to 127.27% in enhancement. The conclusion of the review is that the glass cooling applied, and especially when combined with advanced materials and optimizations in design, has a profound impact on performance of a solar still providing a sustainable and regular supply of freshwater. Nevertheless, aspects like the best choice of cooling parameters and affordability need even more research in order to popularize its application.