<p>Groundwater nitrate contamination is a growing environmental and public health concern, primarily resulting from agricultural runoff, industrial waste and improper wastewater disposal. The present review tried to assess the sources, health impacts and mitigation strategies for nitrate contamination in groundwater. A thorough examination of current literature, case studies and epidemiological data was performed to assess contamination levels, health hazards and remediation strategies. Moreover, studies indicate that elevated nitrate levels in drinking water are linked to significant health concerns, like methemoglobinemia (blue baby syndrome), thyroid dysfunction, gastrointestinal disorders and heightened cancer risks. At-risk populations, like newborns and pregnant women, are especially vulnerable. The study emphasises the efficacy of sophisticated treatment technology, such as reverse osmosis, ion exchange and bioremediation, as well as optimal agricultural management methods, such as precision fertilisation and crop rotation, to reduce nitrate leaching. The study highlighted the immediate requirement for enhanced groundwater monitoring, refined policy controls and sustainable remediation technology. Future research must focus on real-time monitoring, economical treatment strategies and extensive epidemiological investigations to enhance comprehension and reduce nitrate contamination hazards, thereby providing safe drinking water and environmental sustainability.</p>