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<p>This paper presents a numerical study of the performance of a circular raft situated on soft clay soil, using a system of either stone columns or encased columns. The research investigates the impact of utilizing a sand cushion in conjunction with stone columns on the load capacity, lateral resistance, and lateral deformation of the circular raft. The numerical simulation was employed utilizing three-dimensional finite element analysis. The study aimed to investigate the impact of parameters such as undrained shear strength (C<sub>u</sub>), the dimension of stone columns, embedment ratio (L<sub>c</sub>/H), area ratio (A<sub>r</sub>), and the thickness of sand bed (d) on the lateral load resistance. The results indicate that the lateral force resistance of the circular raft improved with increasing the shear strength of soft clay, embedment ratio, area ratio, and sand cushion depth. Considering an embedment ratio (L<sub>c</sub>/H) of 1.00 and an area ratio (A<sub>r</sub>) of 20.50% at a sand cushion depth of 2.00&#xa0;m, for stone columns, the improvement ratio (I<sub>r</sub>) reached 2.70 and 2.54. In contrast, for encased stone columns, the improvements were 2.89 and 2.69 for soft clay cohesion of 15 and 20 kN/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively, compared with untreated soil. The hybrid system of sand cushion and encased stone columns plays a significant role in the raft's response under combined vertical and lateral loads.</p>

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Behavior of circular raft on soft clay reinforced with stone columns under combined loading

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Moustafa El Sawwaf,
  • Ashraf Nazir,
  • Ahmed Salah,
  • Farag Aamer

摘要

This paper presents a numerical study of the performance of a circular raft situated on soft clay soil, using a system of either stone columns or encased columns. The research investigates the impact of utilizing a sand cushion in conjunction with stone columns on the load capacity, lateral resistance, and lateral deformation of the circular raft. The numerical simulation was employed utilizing three-dimensional finite element analysis. The study aimed to investigate the impact of parameters such as undrained shear strength (Cu), the dimension of stone columns, embedment ratio (Lc/H), area ratio (Ar), and the thickness of sand bed (d) on the lateral load resistance. The results indicate that the lateral force resistance of the circular raft improved with increasing the shear strength of soft clay, embedment ratio, area ratio, and sand cushion depth. Considering an embedment ratio (Lc/H) of 1.00 and an area ratio (Ar) of 20.50% at a sand cushion depth of 2.00 m, for stone columns, the improvement ratio (Ir) reached 2.70 and 2.54. In contrast, for encased stone columns, the improvements were 2.89 and 2.69 for soft clay cohesion of 15 and 20 kN/m2, respectively, compared with untreated soil. The hybrid system of sand cushion and encased stone columns plays a significant role in the raft's response under combined vertical and lateral loads.