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<p>Instability and excessive deformation of shallow foundations constructed on sandy slopes remain major geotechnical challenges, particularly under increasing infrastructure demands. Although fly ash stabilization and geotextile reinforcement have individually demonstrated effectiveness in improving soil performance, their combined influence on the bearing capacity behavior of shallow footings on sandy slopes has received limited systematic investigation. This study evaluates the coupled effects of chemical stabilization and mechanical reinforcement on the load-bearing performance of these foundations. Thirty-three laboratory model tests were conducted using a rigid steel footing (B = 12&#xa0;cm, L = 24&#xa0;cm) under diverse configuration parameters. The experimental program examined single-layer geotextile reinforcement installed at depths ranging from 0.5B to 1.25B, fly ash stabilization contents varying from 2 to 8%, and composite systems combining fly ash (6% and 8%) with geotextile reinforcement at an optimum depth of 1B. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was performed to investigate microstructural changes and particle interactions. Results indicate that fly ash treatment significantly improves bearing capacity, identifying 6% as the optimum content, whereas excessive fly ash reduces performance due to unreacted non-reactive fines. Inclusion of a geotextile layer at the optimum depth increased bearing capacity by up to 180% relative to untreated sand, while the combined system of 6% fly ash and geotextile reinforcement achieved an improvement of approximately 200%. SEM-EDS observations confirmed the formation of cementitious bonds and a transition from purely frictional to partially cohesive behavior, validating this integrated approach as an optimized solution for slope-foundation stability.</p>

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Experimental and microstructural investigation of bearing capacity enhancement in shallow footings on sandy slopes using fly ash stabilization and geotextile reinforcement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月29日

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  • Hatem Karoui,
  • Aya Rezgui

摘要

Instability and excessive deformation of shallow foundations constructed on sandy slopes remain major geotechnical challenges, particularly under increasing infrastructure demands. Although fly ash stabilization and geotextile reinforcement have individually demonstrated effectiveness in improving soil performance, their combined influence on the bearing capacity behavior of shallow footings on sandy slopes has received limited systematic investigation. This study evaluates the coupled effects of chemical stabilization and mechanical reinforcement on the load-bearing performance of these foundations. Thirty-three laboratory model tests were conducted using a rigid steel footing (B = 12 cm, L = 24 cm) under diverse configuration parameters. The experimental program examined single-layer geotextile reinforcement installed at depths ranging from 0.5B to 1.25B, fly ash stabilization contents varying from 2 to 8%, and composite systems combining fly ash (6% and 8%) with geotextile reinforcement at an optimum depth of 1B. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) was performed to investigate microstructural changes and particle interactions. Results indicate that fly ash treatment significantly improves bearing capacity, identifying 6% as the optimum content, whereas excessive fly ash reduces performance due to unreacted non-reactive fines. Inclusion of a geotextile layer at the optimum depth increased bearing capacity by up to 180% relative to untreated sand, while the combined system of 6% fly ash and geotextile reinforcement achieved an improvement of approximately 200%. SEM-EDS observations confirmed the formation of cementitious bonds and a transition from purely frictional to partially cohesive behavior, validating this integrated approach as an optimized solution for slope-foundation stability.