<p>Approximately 95% of geotextiles are produced from non-biodegradable polymers. Over time, synthetic polymers can deteriorate due to numerous environmental factors, leading to environmental pollution and soil toxicity. Hence, the demand for natural plant-based geotextiles has increased as a substitute for synthetic materials in various projects with diverse purposes such as erosion control, drainage, and soil stabilization. This paper offers a comprehensive exploration of studies concerning the definition, composition, functions, and characteristics of both synthetic and natural geotextiles used in civil engineering structures. It examines the influence of geotextile structures on processes such as reinforcement, erosion control, drainage, and filtration. Furthermore, the research highlights the differences between natural and synthetic geotextiles employed in civil engineering projects. In summary, this paper seeks to elucidate contemporary developments and uses of synthetic and natural geotextiles within the field of civil engineering, while establishing a robust groundwork for future research and innovations in their design and utilization.</p>