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<p>Green roofs provide critical essential urban ecosystem services where geotextile filter layers govern hydraulic efficiency and structural performance. This study systematically compared five commercial needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles (G1–G5) through comprehensive physical, mechanical, hydraulic, and microstructural characterization to develop function-specific selection criteria. Physical analysis classified materials into lightweight (G1, G2: &lt; 0.5&#xa0;mm, &lt; 110&#xa0;g/m<sup>2</sup> GSM), medium-weight (G3), and heavyweight (G4, G5: &gt; 1.2&#xa0;mm, &gt; 179&#xa0;g/m<sup>2</sup>) categories. G1 exhibited superior tensile strength (81.31 ± 4.2 N) and tear resistance (101.04 ± 8.5 N) through dense polypropylene crystallinity (66.5%), while G5 achieved maximum puncture (220.4 ± 17.5 N) and burst strength (13.89 ± 1.0&#xa0;kg/cm<sup>2</sup>) via twisted polyester fiber bundles. Hydraulic testing identified G1's drainage dominance (115.39 ± 8.5 L/m<sup>2</sup>/s permeability, 75.65 ± 7.5% absorption) and G3's moisture retention capacity (553.36%). SEM revealed distinct pore architectures (G1: 55&#xa0;µm vs G5: 48&#xa0;µm) correlating with hydraulic performance (r<sup>2</sup> = 0.89), validated by FTIR polymer identification and XRD crystallinity hierarchy. One-way ANOVA confirmed highly significant differentiation across all properties (F = 1489–1,918,563; <i>P</i> &lt; 10<sup>–24</sup>). Normalized Performance Index analysis established G1 optimality for drainage-dominated applications (mean NPI = 0.78) and G5 leadership in structural protection (mean NPI = 0.62). The scenario-based selection framework provides quantitative guidelines matching geotextile characteristics to five core green roof functions (separation, filtration, drainage, protection, reinforcement), replacing subjective material choices with evidence-based specifications for diverse design contexts.</p>

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Integrated functional evaluation and application-based selection of nonwoven geotextiles for green roof systems

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月22日

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  • Mohan Muniyappa,
  • Mithun Hanumesh,
  • Vishnu Thyagaraj

摘要

Green roofs provide critical essential urban ecosystem services where geotextile filter layers govern hydraulic efficiency and structural performance. This study systematically compared five commercial needle-punched nonwoven geotextiles (G1–G5) through comprehensive physical, mechanical, hydraulic, and microstructural characterization to develop function-specific selection criteria. Physical analysis classified materials into lightweight (G1, G2: < 0.5 mm, < 110 g/m2 GSM), medium-weight (G3), and heavyweight (G4, G5: > 1.2 mm, > 179 g/m2) categories. G1 exhibited superior tensile strength (81.31 ± 4.2 N) and tear resistance (101.04 ± 8.5 N) through dense polypropylene crystallinity (66.5%), while G5 achieved maximum puncture (220.4 ± 17.5 N) and burst strength (13.89 ± 1.0 kg/cm2) via twisted polyester fiber bundles. Hydraulic testing identified G1's drainage dominance (115.39 ± 8.5 L/m2/s permeability, 75.65 ± 7.5% absorption) and G3's moisture retention capacity (553.36%). SEM revealed distinct pore architectures (G1: 55 µm vs G5: 48 µm) correlating with hydraulic performance (r2 = 0.89), validated by FTIR polymer identification and XRD crystallinity hierarchy. One-way ANOVA confirmed highly significant differentiation across all properties (F = 1489–1,918,563; P < 10–24). Normalized Performance Index analysis established G1 optimality for drainage-dominated applications (mean NPI = 0.78) and G5 leadership in structural protection (mean NPI = 0.62). The scenario-based selection framework provides quantitative guidelines matching geotextile characteristics to five core green roof functions (separation, filtration, drainage, protection, reinforcement), replacing subjective material choices with evidence-based specifications for diverse design contexts.