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<p>This study examines the combined effects of fine Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (F-RAP) incorporation and temperature on the performance of concrete for rigid pavement applications. Concrete mixtures containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% F-RAP were tested at 15&#xa0;°C, 30&#xa0;°C, 45&#xa0;°C, and 60&#xa0;°C, representing temperature conditions typical of tropical and Gulf-region pavements. Workability, mechanical (compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths; modulus of elasticity) and durability parameters (UPV and abrasion resistance) were comprehensively evaluated. Results indicate that increasing F-RAP content at cool temperature (15&#xa0;°C) led to systematic reductions in workability, strength, and surface durability owing to the weakened interfacial transition zone and the presence of aged bituminous coating. Thermal exposure magnified the negative influence of higher F-RAP contents. Mixes containing ≥ 50% F-RAP exhibited pronounced thermal sensitivity, as evidenced by notable UPV reductions and substantial increases in abrasion loss (exceeding 60%) reflecting reduced internal integrity and surface hardness. In contrast, the 25% F-RAP mixture (R25) demonstrated strong thermal robustness, closely matching the control at 15–30&#xa0;°C and remaining within ~ 15% of control performance at 45–60&#xa0;°C. A Multifunctional Performance Index (PI), was developed using an entropy-weighted TOPSIS framework incorporating six parameters: compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths, modulus of elasticity, UPV, and abrasion resistance. The PI consistently identified R25 as the optimum replacement level, balancing sustainability, mechanical performance, and thermal resilience. Higher replacement levels were unsuitable for hot-climate pavements without further material enhancement.</p>

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Sustainable use of fine RAP in concrete pavements: performance analysis under moderate and hot climate conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月27日

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  • Firas Barraj,
  • Rawan Ramadan,
  • Dana Nasr,
  • Abdulkader El-Mir,
  • Ali Jahami,
  • Hassan Ghanem

摘要

This study examines the combined effects of fine Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (F-RAP) incorporation and temperature on the performance of concrete for rigid pavement applications. Concrete mixtures containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% F-RAP were tested at 15 °C, 30 °C, 45 °C, and 60 °C, representing temperature conditions typical of tropical and Gulf-region pavements. Workability, mechanical (compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths; modulus of elasticity) and durability parameters (UPV and abrasion resistance) were comprehensively evaluated. Results indicate that increasing F-RAP content at cool temperature (15 °C) led to systematic reductions in workability, strength, and surface durability owing to the weakened interfacial transition zone and the presence of aged bituminous coating. Thermal exposure magnified the negative influence of higher F-RAP contents. Mixes containing ≥ 50% F-RAP exhibited pronounced thermal sensitivity, as evidenced by notable UPV reductions and substantial increases in abrasion loss (exceeding 60%) reflecting reduced internal integrity and surface hardness. In contrast, the 25% F-RAP mixture (R25) demonstrated strong thermal robustness, closely matching the control at 15–30 °C and remaining within ~ 15% of control performance at 45–60 °C. A Multifunctional Performance Index (PI), was developed using an entropy-weighted TOPSIS framework incorporating six parameters: compressive, flexural, and split tensile strengths, modulus of elasticity, UPV, and abrasion resistance. The PI consistently identified R25 as the optimum replacement level, balancing sustainability, mechanical performance, and thermal resilience. Higher replacement levels were unsuitable for hot-climate pavements without further material enhancement.