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<p>The durability of reinforced concrete structures in marine environments is significantly compromised by chloride-induced corrosion of steel. Chemical corrosion inhibitors are extensively utilized; nonetheless, their environmental effects and cost raise sustainability issues. This study compares the efficiency of a commercial chemical inhibitor (CCI) with cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), a renewable plant-based byproduct, as a green corrosion inhibitor when added to concrete. This research is innovative as it incorporates CNSL directly into the concrete matrix, rather than applying it as a surface treatment, and uses the maturity index method to estimate strength in real time through IoT-enabled temperature monitoring. Accelerated corrosion tests under simulated marine conditions were performed at 5&#xa0;V DC to assess corrosion rates over 30, 60, and 120&#xa0;days. Gravimetric analysis, SEM-BSE/EDAX, and FTIR spectroscopy were employed to evaluate corrosion inhibition and microstructural development. The findings demonstrate that a 0.4% CNSL dosage attained a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 98%, exhibiting enhanced hydration properties, workability, and long-term compressive strength (44.60&#xa0;MPa) compared to higher CCI dosages. The results confirm CNSL's feasibility as a cost-efficient, environmentally friendly, and technically strong substitute for conventional inhibitors in marine-exposed reinforced concrete structures.</p>

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Effectiveness of CNSL as an admixture for corrosion mitigation and strength development in concrete under simulated marine conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月3日

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  • S. Apoorva,
  • M. T. Prathap Kumar,
  • C. C. Abhijith

摘要

The durability of reinforced concrete structures in marine environments is significantly compromised by chloride-induced corrosion of steel. Chemical corrosion inhibitors are extensively utilized; nonetheless, their environmental effects and cost raise sustainability issues. This study compares the efficiency of a commercial chemical inhibitor (CCI) with cashew nutshell liquid (CNSL), a renewable plant-based byproduct, as a green corrosion inhibitor when added to concrete. This research is innovative as it incorporates CNSL directly into the concrete matrix, rather than applying it as a surface treatment, and uses the maturity index method to estimate strength in real time through IoT-enabled temperature monitoring. Accelerated corrosion tests under simulated marine conditions were performed at 5 V DC to assess corrosion rates over 30, 60, and 120 days. Gravimetric analysis, SEM-BSE/EDAX, and FTIR spectroscopy were employed to evaluate corrosion inhibition and microstructural development. The findings demonstrate that a 0.4% CNSL dosage attained a corrosion inhibition efficiency of 98%, exhibiting enhanced hydration properties, workability, and long-term compressive strength (44.60 MPa) compared to higher CCI dosages. The results confirm CNSL's feasibility as a cost-efficient, environmentally friendly, and technically strong substitute for conventional inhibitors in marine-exposed reinforced concrete structures.