<p>Glass fibre reinforced polymer (GFRP) is gaining popularity in civil engineering applications as an alternative to conventional materials, owing to its high strength-to-weight and stiffness-to-weight ratios, as well as its magnetic and electronic transparency. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of the structural behavior of the GFRP beams, columns and beam-columns under both ambient and elevated temperature conditions. Over 140 studies were reviewed and discussed to examine the material characterization methods, structural behavior, and fire resistance behavior of various GFRP profiles. Starting with a brief history and application of GFRP profile, different methods of investigation for determining the material properties were reviewed. A comprehensive review was subsequently conducted on the behavior of various types of GFRP sections at ambient temperature, summarizing key findings on critical strength and different types of buckling behavior observed. To understand the behavior of sections at elevated temperature, different types of fire curves and experimental test methods were briefly discussed. This review identified the critical parameters influencing GFRP performance at elevated temperatures and summarizes available fire enhancement strategies. Design procedures from existing guidelines and previous studies for beams, columns, and beam-columns were reviewed separately. Despite notable progress in understanding the material properties, structural behavior, and fire performance of GFRP members, comprehensive studies investigating the combined effect of thermal and mechanical loading across varied cross-sections, boundary conditions, and complex loading scenarios remain limited.</p>