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<p>The worldwide demand for cement and glass is consistently rising, with anticipated growth rates of 1–2%. Cement manufacturing alone accounts for around 6–8% of global CO₂ emissions. Although glass is fully recyclable, inadequate recycling rates pose environmental hazards and significantly contribute to landfill waste. This study investigates the feasibility of utilising waste glass powder (WGP) and glass fibre (GF) as alternative constituents in M30 grade concrete to enhance sustainability. The research emphasises the synergistic effect of these waste materials in concrete by partially replacing cement with WGP and sand with GF in varying proportions. In the first phase, cement was replaced with WGP at 10, 20, and 30%, with 20% replacement identified as optimal due to improved compressive strength after 90&#xa0;days. In the second phase, cement replacement was fixed at 20% WGP, while sand was substituted with GF at 0–30% by weight to evaluate toughness enhancement. Tests were conducted at 7, 28, 60, and 90&#xa0;days, revealing that WGP actively participated in the hydration process and exhibited clear pozzolanic behaviour at later ages. Following a 90-day curing period, compressive strength, water absorption, non-destructive testing (NDT), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. The results confirm that replacing up to 20% of cement with WGP improves concrete’s sustainability while maintaining or enhancing long-term compressive strength. However, excessive sand replacement with GF negatively impacts compressive strength, despite increasing toughness. Overall, WGP proves to be a viable sustainable alternative to cement, while the use of GF as a sand substitute requires careful consideration.</p>

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Eco-sustainable concrete incorporating glass powder and glass fibre

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月23日

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  • Rohan Kumar Choudhary,
  • Awdhesh Kumar Choudhary,
  • Keshav Kumar Sharma,
  • Ashhad Imam

摘要

The worldwide demand for cement and glass is consistently rising, with anticipated growth rates of 1–2%. Cement manufacturing alone accounts for around 6–8% of global CO₂ emissions. Although glass is fully recyclable, inadequate recycling rates pose environmental hazards and significantly contribute to landfill waste. This study investigates the feasibility of utilising waste glass powder (WGP) and glass fibre (GF) as alternative constituents in M30 grade concrete to enhance sustainability. The research emphasises the synergistic effect of these waste materials in concrete by partially replacing cement with WGP and sand with GF in varying proportions. In the first phase, cement was replaced with WGP at 10, 20, and 30%, with 20% replacement identified as optimal due to improved compressive strength after 90 days. In the second phase, cement replacement was fixed at 20% WGP, while sand was substituted with GF at 0–30% by weight to evaluate toughness enhancement. Tests were conducted at 7, 28, 60, and 90 days, revealing that WGP actively participated in the hydration process and exhibited clear pozzolanic behaviour at later ages. Following a 90-day curing period, compressive strength, water absorption, non-destructive testing (NDT), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analyses were performed. The results confirm that replacing up to 20% of cement with WGP improves concrete’s sustainability while maintaining or enhancing long-term compressive strength. However, excessive sand replacement with GF negatively impacts compressive strength, despite increasing toughness. Overall, WGP proves to be a viable sustainable alternative to cement, while the use of GF as a sand substitute requires careful consideration.