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<p>This study examined the mechanical performance of geogrid-reinforced subbase materials used in flexible pavements, under cyclic loading conditions, using repeated load triaxial (RLT) testing. The study assessed the performance of locally crushed limestone subbase reinforced with two types of geogrids: triaxial (TX160) and biaxial (SS30). The parameters investigated included the effect of geogrid tensile stiffness, placement depth, and a comparison between single and double reinforcement layers on the resilient modulus (Mr). The TX160 geogrid, with higher tensile stiffness and radial confinement, showed improved effectiveness in minimizing permanent deformation and improving stiffness, particularly when utilized as double reinforcement. The one-third depth position consistently produced a higher Mr compared to the half depth position, highlighting the importance of optimal geogrid placement. The study demonstrated that double-layer reinforcement outperformed single-layer configurations for both geogrid types, highlighting additional benefits of enhanced reinforcement layers. The evaluation of geogrid reinforcement’s structural contribution in flexible pavement systems was assessed using calculated parameters such as Mr, Structural Number (SN), and Traffic Benefit Ratio (TBR). The application of TX160 geogrid at one-third depth resulted in a TBR of 4.97, while double reinforcement with TX160 achieved the highest TBR of 8.73. With SS30 geogrid, one-third and half-depth placements resulted in TBRs of 2.45 and 1.95, respectively. Double reinforcement using SS30 geogrid resulted in a TBR of 3.19. The study findings validate the appropriateness of geogrid reinforcement in enhancing the resilience of subbase layers, offering lower life-cycle costs, enhanced pavement performance, and sustainability advantages to the earthwork construction industry.</p>

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Performance of geogrid-reinforced subbase layers under cyclic loading: effect of geogrid type and depth

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月5日

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  • Shadi Hanandeh,
  • Muhannad Ismeik,
  • Shahed Al-Mwas

摘要

This study examined the mechanical performance of geogrid-reinforced subbase materials used in flexible pavements, under cyclic loading conditions, using repeated load triaxial (RLT) testing. The study assessed the performance of locally crushed limestone subbase reinforced with two types of geogrids: triaxial (TX160) and biaxial (SS30). The parameters investigated included the effect of geogrid tensile stiffness, placement depth, and a comparison between single and double reinforcement layers on the resilient modulus (Mr). The TX160 geogrid, with higher tensile stiffness and radial confinement, showed improved effectiveness in minimizing permanent deformation and improving stiffness, particularly when utilized as double reinforcement. The one-third depth position consistently produced a higher Mr compared to the half depth position, highlighting the importance of optimal geogrid placement. The study demonstrated that double-layer reinforcement outperformed single-layer configurations for both geogrid types, highlighting additional benefits of enhanced reinforcement layers. The evaluation of geogrid reinforcement’s structural contribution in flexible pavement systems was assessed using calculated parameters such as Mr, Structural Number (SN), and Traffic Benefit Ratio (TBR). The application of TX160 geogrid at one-third depth resulted in a TBR of 4.97, while double reinforcement with TX160 achieved the highest TBR of 8.73. With SS30 geogrid, one-third and half-depth placements resulted in TBRs of 2.45 and 1.95, respectively. Double reinforcement using SS30 geogrid resulted in a TBR of 3.19. The study findings validate the appropriateness of geogrid reinforcement in enhancing the resilience of subbase layers, offering lower life-cycle costs, enhanced pavement performance, and sustainability advantages to the earthwork construction industry.