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<p>Despite extensive research on individual supplementary cementitious materials in concrete applications, a critical knowledge gap persists regarding the systematic optimization and comprehensive performance evaluation of industrial waste materials in Self-compacting concrete (SCC), particularly concerning the synergistic effects of multiple waste streams, long-term durability characteristics, and microstructural enhancement mechanisms across diverse exposure conditions. This systematic review provides a comprehensive evaluation of fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), and solid waste burnt brick powder (SWBBP) incorporation in SCC through rigorous analysis of fresh properties, mechanical performance, durability characteristics, and nano-scale microstructural analysis using advanced characterization techniques and quantitative synthesis methodologies. The analysis reveals optimal replacement levels of 15–25% fly ash, 5–15% silica fume, 20–50% GGBFS, and 5–15% SWBBP achieve substantial performance enhancements including 12–50% strength improvements, 70–90% permeability reductions, 15–60% porosity refinement, and enhanced durability with carbonation depths reduced to 3.5–9&#xa0;mm through pozzolanic reactions producing additional C-S-H gel and refined interfacial transition zones. Synergistic effects from optimized ternary combinations enable 50% total cement replacement while maintaining superior fresh properties and mechanical performance through complementary particle packing mechanisms and diverse hydration pathways. This research establishes critical evidence-based guidelines for sustainable SCC development, providing quantitative relationships between microstructural modifications and macroscopic performance while identifying optimization strategies that simultaneously advance construction sustainability and structural performance requirements, ultimately enabling informed material selection and mix design decisions for next-generation concrete applications in diverse environmental and structural contexts.</p>

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Sustainable self-compacting concrete incorporating industrial waste SCMs: a state-of-the-art review on rheology, durability, microstructural and mechanical performance

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年12月6日

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  • Muhammad Khuzaima Qureshi,
  • Hilal Khan,
  • Mati Ullah Shah,
  • Zamil Bin Zahid,
  • Saif Ur Rehman,
  • Raja Dilawar Riaz,
  • Muhammad Usman,
  • Junaid Ahmad,
  • In-Ho Kim

摘要

Despite extensive research on individual supplementary cementitious materials in concrete applications, a critical knowledge gap persists regarding the systematic optimization and comprehensive performance evaluation of industrial waste materials in Self-compacting concrete (SCC), particularly concerning the synergistic effects of multiple waste streams, long-term durability characteristics, and microstructural enhancement mechanisms across diverse exposure conditions. This systematic review provides a comprehensive evaluation of fly ash, silica fume, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), and solid waste burnt brick powder (SWBBP) incorporation in SCC through rigorous analysis of fresh properties, mechanical performance, durability characteristics, and nano-scale microstructural analysis using advanced characterization techniques and quantitative synthesis methodologies. The analysis reveals optimal replacement levels of 15–25% fly ash, 5–15% silica fume, 20–50% GGBFS, and 5–15% SWBBP achieve substantial performance enhancements including 12–50% strength improvements, 70–90% permeability reductions, 15–60% porosity refinement, and enhanced durability with carbonation depths reduced to 3.5–9 mm through pozzolanic reactions producing additional C-S-H gel and refined interfacial transition zones. Synergistic effects from optimized ternary combinations enable 50% total cement replacement while maintaining superior fresh properties and mechanical performance through complementary particle packing mechanisms and diverse hydration pathways. This research establishes critical evidence-based guidelines for sustainable SCC development, providing quantitative relationships between microstructural modifications and macroscopic performance while identifying optimization strategies that simultaneously advance construction sustainability and structural performance requirements, ultimately enabling informed material selection and mix design decisions for next-generation concrete applications in diverse environmental and structural contexts.