<p>Bus transport systems are vital for ensuring mobility and connectivity in urban areas, particularly in rapidly growing mid-sized Indian cities like Patna. Understanding how commuters value travel time is essential for developing efficient and user-centric public transport systems. Grounded in behavioral transport theory and discrete choice modeling, this study addresses a notable gap in the literature by assessing the value of travel time (VOT) across different bus modes- compressed natural gas (CNG), diesel-fueled, and electric and across socioeconomic groups. A stated preference (SP) survey was administered at various locations across Patna, capturing 327 valid responses. These data were analyzed using a Multinomial Logit (MNL) model to estimate commuter utility functions based on travel time, cost, comfort, and frequency, while incorporating key sociodemographic variables such as income and gender. The results indicate that VOT significantly varies across different groups, with higher-income and female commuters exhibiting a greater willingness to pay for reduced travel time. Unlike most existing studies that focus on metro cities or ignore fuel-based mode distinctions, this research provides a unique contribution by disaggregating VOT estimates by gender, income, and bus fuel type in a mid-sized Indian city context. CNG buses emerged as the most preferred mode, offering a favourable balance between affordability, frequency, and comfort. The study highlights the importance of incorporating group-specific travel preferences into transport policy and planning, particularly through tiered services, real-time scheduling, and gender-sensitive infrastructure. These insights have direct implications for urban transport policy by guiding the development of more inclusive, tiered bus services, enhancing gender-sensitive planning, and informing investments in sustainable public transit technologies like CNG and electric buses.</p>