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<p>Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a sustainable urban planning approach that integrates land use and transportation to address traffic congestion, environmental degradation, and inefficient urban expansion. Despite its global significance, TOD implementation in Indian cities lacks a standardized evaluation framework, leading to inconsistent policies and planning inefficiencies. This study addresses this gap by developing a hexa-level Transit-Oriented Development Suitability Index (TSI) varying from “Very high TOD suitability” to “Not at all suitable for TOD” using a multi-criteria decision-making approach to quantify TOD feasibility across Indian metro cities. The framework is based on four key dimensions: Social Inclusivity, Economic Growth, Environmental Sustainability, and Land Availability. Analytical hierarchy process is used to assign weightage to these indicators, and Indian cities with metro networks exceeding 45&#xa0;km are assessed using a benchmarking system. The results reveal that Delhi (TSI Score: 14) and Hyderabad (13) exhibit the highest TOD suitability, owing to their well-integrated metro systems, high-density developments, and progressive land-use policies. Bengaluru (12) and Kolkata (11) rank moderately due to transit expansion but weak last-mile connectivity and affordability concerns. In contrast, Chennai (9) and Ahmedabad (9) and Mumbai (8) exhibit lower TOD suitability, hindered by land acquisition challenges, fragmented governance, and regulatory barriers. The findings provide key policy insights, emphasizing the need for zoning reforms, improved NMT (Non-Motorized Transport) infrastructure, and inclusive public–private partnerships to enhance TOD implementation. This study offers a structured, data-driven decision-making tool that can be adapted for other rapidly urbanizing cities facing similar transit-oriented planning challenges.</p>

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Quantifying suitability of transit-oriented development in Indian cities

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年6月7日

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  • Lalitha Sree Chintakayala,
  • C. S. R. K. Prasad

摘要

Transit-oriented development (TOD) is a sustainable urban planning approach that integrates land use and transportation to address traffic congestion, environmental degradation, and inefficient urban expansion. Despite its global significance, TOD implementation in Indian cities lacks a standardized evaluation framework, leading to inconsistent policies and planning inefficiencies. This study addresses this gap by developing a hexa-level Transit-Oriented Development Suitability Index (TSI) varying from “Very high TOD suitability” to “Not at all suitable for TOD” using a multi-criteria decision-making approach to quantify TOD feasibility across Indian metro cities. The framework is based on four key dimensions: Social Inclusivity, Economic Growth, Environmental Sustainability, and Land Availability. Analytical hierarchy process is used to assign weightage to these indicators, and Indian cities with metro networks exceeding 45 km are assessed using a benchmarking system. The results reveal that Delhi (TSI Score: 14) and Hyderabad (13) exhibit the highest TOD suitability, owing to their well-integrated metro systems, high-density developments, and progressive land-use policies. Bengaluru (12) and Kolkata (11) rank moderately due to transit expansion but weak last-mile connectivity and affordability concerns. In contrast, Chennai (9) and Ahmedabad (9) and Mumbai (8) exhibit lower TOD suitability, hindered by land acquisition challenges, fragmented governance, and regulatory barriers. The findings provide key policy insights, emphasizing the need for zoning reforms, improved NMT (Non-Motorized Transport) infrastructure, and inclusive public–private partnerships to enhance TOD implementation. This study offers a structured, data-driven decision-making tool that can be adapted for other rapidly urbanizing cities facing similar transit-oriented planning challenges.