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<p>This review examined advancements in extrusion-based 3D printed geopolymers, focusing on how material choices and printing methods affected their properties. It is also analyzed the link between fresh mix properties, workability, printing, and shape retention. Generally, by increasing Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag content improves both compressive and flexural strength in both cast and printed specimens. Glass fibers negatively affected compressive strength due to fiber orientation during printing. Replaced Lime Stone with Ordinary Portland Cement improved compressive strength but decreased flexural strength due to weaker bonding. The review also explores the economic and environmental benefits of 3D geopolymer concrete (3D GPC). However, geopolymer activators can be expensive and the embodied energy of the mix heavily depends on the activator type. The review also highlighted the potential of 3D geopolymer concrete for sustainable construction. Meticulous selection of materials, optimized printing, and economic considerations are essential for making 3D GPC a more viable and eco-friendly construction technology.</p>

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Optimizing 3D geopolymer concrete for sustainable construction: a review of material selection, printing methods, and properties

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2025年4月11日

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  • Vedprakash Maralapalle,
  • Hemraj R. Kumavat,
  • Maheboobsab B. Nadaf,
  • Aijaz Ahmad Zende,
  • S. Sangita Mishra,
  • Rajiv Iyer

摘要

This review examined advancements in extrusion-based 3D printed geopolymers, focusing on how material choices and printing methods affected their properties. It is also analyzed the link between fresh mix properties, workability, printing, and shape retention. Generally, by increasing Ground Granulated Blast-Furnace Slag content improves both compressive and flexural strength in both cast and printed specimens. Glass fibers negatively affected compressive strength due to fiber orientation during printing. Replaced Lime Stone with Ordinary Portland Cement improved compressive strength but decreased flexural strength due to weaker bonding. The review also explores the economic and environmental benefits of 3D geopolymer concrete (3D GPC). However, geopolymer activators can be expensive and the embodied energy of the mix heavily depends on the activator type. The review also highlighted the potential of 3D geopolymer concrete for sustainable construction. Meticulous selection of materials, optimized printing, and economic considerations are essential for making 3D GPC a more viable and eco-friendly construction technology.