<p>Migration from the Northeastern hill states to Indian cities has increased substantially in recent decades, yet evidence on the labour market outcomes and ‘integration’ experiences of these migrants remains limited. This study examines the outcomes of labour migration from the hilly states of the Northeast in Delhi, a major destination that hosts a large concentration of migrants from the region. The study is based on a primary survey of migrants from the hilly Northeastern states working in Delhi. Using descriptive analysis and Hierarchical Linear Models (HLMs) to analyse employment, income, remittance behaviour, and migrant social integration, we examine the migration process and outcomes. The findings show that education, work experience, social networks, and job-search channels play a crucial role in shaping access to employment opportunities in Delhi. The HLM estimates indicate that state-level differences explain only a small share of income variation, suggesting that migrants’ origin state identity has limited influence on earnings once they enter Delhi’s labour market. However, educational attainment, age, job-search channels, and work experience emerge as the primary determinants of monthly earnings. Further, household economic conditions at origin strongly influence remittance behaviour, with migrants from poorer households being more likely to remit. The study also highlights the importance of social and community networks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the findings underscore the central role of human capital and social networks in shaping migration outcomes among Northeastern migrants in Delhi.</p>

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Migration Outcomes of Northeastern Labour Migrants in Delhi

  • Gaidimlung K. Jacob,
  • Deepak K. Mishra

摘要

Migration from the Northeastern hill states to Indian cities has increased substantially in recent decades, yet evidence on the labour market outcomes and ‘integration’ experiences of these migrants remains limited. This study examines the outcomes of labour migration from the hilly states of the Northeast in Delhi, a major destination that hosts a large concentration of migrants from the region. The study is based on a primary survey of migrants from the hilly Northeastern states working in Delhi. Using descriptive analysis and Hierarchical Linear Models (HLMs) to analyse employment, income, remittance behaviour, and migrant social integration, we examine the migration process and outcomes. The findings show that education, work experience, social networks, and job-search channels play a crucial role in shaping access to employment opportunities in Delhi. The HLM estimates indicate that state-level differences explain only a small share of income variation, suggesting that migrants’ origin state identity has limited influence on earnings once they enter Delhi’s labour market. However, educational attainment, age, job-search channels, and work experience emerge as the primary determinants of monthly earnings. Further, household economic conditions at origin strongly influence remittance behaviour, with migrants from poorer households being more likely to remit. The study also highlights the importance of social and community networks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Overall, the findings underscore the central role of human capital and social networks in shaping migration outcomes among Northeastern migrants in Delhi.