<p>In construction safety management, it is necessary to have tools and systems that can translate various factors related to safety into clear priorities for action – especially in resource-constrained situations. This study develops and empirically examines a Safety Priority Index (SPI) framework for prioritizing safety interventions on construction sites. A Cross-section questionnaire survey was carried out with 1000 valid respondents from the construction sites of four cities in Gujarat, India. The framework assessed twelve predictor constructs: Safety Policy (SP), Safety Awareness (SA), Safety Training (ST), Management (M), Safety Work Atmosphere (SWA), Communication (CC), Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), Inspections (INS), Safety Competency (SC), Environment/Hazards (EH), Worker Background (WB), and Work Pressure (WP), with Safety Construction Performance (SCP) as the outcome construct. Mean-score profiling showed a broadly uniform implementation pattern across safety dimensions, and the normalized mean/RII values were used only as rescaled descriptive indicators. Cronbach’s alpha, KMO, Bartlett’s test and EFA factor loadings provided strong evidence for the internal consistency and exploratory construct validity of the measurement instrument. Regression analysis explained substantial variance in SCP (R² = 0.815), with Communication, Safety Competency, Inspections, Management, and PPE emerging as the strongest unique predictors. The SPI matrix, which combines implementation level with performance impact, identified Inspections, Communication, Safety Training, Management, and PPE as Critical Focus domains. The Communication × Training interaction was also significant, indicating that training is more effective when reinforced by strong communication. The priority pattern is dependent on context, but the SPI framework offers a practical framework for evidence-based safety planning and targeted resource allocation in construction-site safety management.</p>