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<p>The construction industry faces significant challenges in reducing CO₂ emissions associated with cement production, necessitating the development of sustainable materials with integrated carbon capture and storage (CCS) capabilities. This study investigates the potential of fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) as supplementary cementitious materials for enhancing CO₂ sequestration in concrete through accelerated carbonation curing. Four concrete mixes, including OPC control (M0), FA-based (M1), SF-based (M2), and ternary blend (M3), were subjected to normal curing and two carbonation regimes (CO₂-L: 3% CO₂ for 24&#xa0;h and CO₂-H: 10% CO₂ for 6&#xa0;h). Experimental evaluation included compressive strength, CO₂ uptake, durability indices, and microstructural characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In parallel, machine learning models (ANN, SVM, RF) were developed to predict performance outcomes. Results indicate that the ternary blend (M3) under CO₂-L curing achieved the optimal balance, with compressive strength of 62.8&#xa0;MPa at 90 days and CO₂ uptake of approximately 13&#xa0;g/kg binder. Microstructural analysis confirmed enhanced calcite (CaCO₃) formation, reduced portlandite content, and a refined pore structure, contributing to improved durability and reduced permeability. Among the ML models, ANN demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy (R² = 0.96). Overall, the integration of SCMs with controlled carbonation curing presents an effective strategy for producing high-performance, low-carbon concrete with enhanced CO₂ sequestration capability. Future research should focus on long-term durability under field conditions, optimization of carbonation parameters at industrial scale, and expansion of data-driven models for broader material systems.</p>

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Carbon capture and storage in concrete using fly ash and silica fume: An experimental and machine learning study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年6月3日

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  • Siva Shanmukha Anjaneya Babu Padavala,
  • Siva Avudaiappan,
  • Subhashish Dey,
  • Akula Venkata Phani Manoj,
  • Ganugula Taraka Naga Veerendra

摘要

The construction industry faces significant challenges in reducing CO₂ emissions associated with cement production, necessitating the development of sustainable materials with integrated carbon capture and storage (CCS) capabilities. This study investigates the potential of fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) as supplementary cementitious materials for enhancing CO₂ sequestration in concrete through accelerated carbonation curing. Four concrete mixes, including OPC control (M0), FA-based (M1), SF-based (M2), and ternary blend (M3), were subjected to normal curing and two carbonation regimes (CO₂-L: 3% CO₂ for 24 h and CO₂-H: 10% CO₂ for 6 h). Experimental evaluation included compressive strength, CO₂ uptake, durability indices, and microstructural characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). In parallel, machine learning models (ANN, SVM, RF) were developed to predict performance outcomes. Results indicate that the ternary blend (M3) under CO₂-L curing achieved the optimal balance, with compressive strength of 62.8 MPa at 90 days and CO₂ uptake of approximately 13 g/kg binder. Microstructural analysis confirmed enhanced calcite (CaCO₃) formation, reduced portlandite content, and a refined pore structure, contributing to improved durability and reduced permeability. Among the ML models, ANN demonstrated the highest prediction accuracy (R² = 0.96). Overall, the integration of SCMs with controlled carbonation curing presents an effective strategy for producing high-performance, low-carbon concrete with enhanced CO₂ sequestration capability. Future research should focus on long-term durability under field conditions, optimization of carbonation parameters at industrial scale, and expansion of data-driven models for broader material systems.