Drying and shrinkage of reinforced 3D printed concrete
摘要
The effects of reinforcement type (steel cable and mesh, glass roving and mesh) and aggregate type (sand and limestone powder) on the shrinkage of 3D printed concrete were determined. To simulate different drying conditions of the material in thin layers of 3D printed structures, 3D printed plate samples were used and kept in environments with relative humidity of 30% and 70%. According to the results, the shrinkage of 3DPC mainly depended on the type of cement matrix. Changing the type of aggregates that formed the anti-shrinkage framework in the cement matrix structure reduced the shrinkage by 15–30% and the reinforcement of the 3DPC layers by 12–17%. It was shown that when limestone powder was used in the cement-matrix structure, the area and energy activity of the solid phase surface increased by 1.5–2 times. These characteristics of the 3DPC structure provided the ability to improve water retention and deformation resistance. Sand-based 3DPC was characterized by twice the relative deformations per gram of moisture loss, which could cause significant stresses in 3D printed structures with small changes in material moisture. The effectiveness of reinforcement in reducing 3DPC shrinkage was determined by the deformability and orientation of the reinforcing materials in the 3DPC layered structure.