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<p>Beam-column joints are among the most vulnerable components during earthquakes, especially in buildings with poor detailing and construction practices. This study investigates RC haunch as an alternative practical retrofitting measure to protect joints and enhance global performance without invasive interventions. It shifts plastic hinge formation away from brittle joint core, thus enforcing a strong-column weak-beam mechanism. With this aim, the numerical study utilizes a simplified modeling approach to simulate six RC frame typologies: one unretrofitted (bare) and five frames with RC haunch retrofit. The haunch sizes were determined based on varying capacity-demand ratios (C/D) ranging from 0.5 to 0.9, using the force-based design procedure adapted for RC haunch systems. Cyclic pushover analysis was carried out to evaluate the performance of the RC frames including cracking, reinforcement stresses, global behaviour and performance indices. In the bare frame, joint damage was severe with reinforcement reaching yield stresses at about 0.9% drift level and crack width exceeding 2.3mm at ultimate displacement level(1.91% drift). In contrast, retrofitted frames exhibited crack migration toward post-haunch regions, resulting in insignificant joint crack widths, with plastic hinge formation occurring in the beam along with increase in ductility and overstrength factors up to 22% and 65.33% respectively. In addition, the stresses in reinforcement in the joint region were within the elastic limits even at ultimate displacement. Hysteresis curves demonstrated significant improvement with increase in energy dissipation capacity from 27.7% to 336.6% with the increase in size of haunch.</p>

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From design to performance: seismic performance improvement of RC frames using RC haunch retrofitting for beam-column joints

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月12日

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  • Arun Subedi,
  • Archit Aryal,
  • Swastik Ghimire,
  • Sumit Shah,
  • Bhuwan Singh Karki,
  • Sarad Bhandari,
  • Kshitij C. Shrestha

摘要

Beam-column joints are among the most vulnerable components during earthquakes, especially in buildings with poor detailing and construction practices. This study investigates RC haunch as an alternative practical retrofitting measure to protect joints and enhance global performance without invasive interventions. It shifts plastic hinge formation away from brittle joint core, thus enforcing a strong-column weak-beam mechanism. With this aim, the numerical study utilizes a simplified modeling approach to simulate six RC frame typologies: one unretrofitted (bare) and five frames with RC haunch retrofit. The haunch sizes were determined based on varying capacity-demand ratios (C/D) ranging from 0.5 to 0.9, using the force-based design procedure adapted for RC haunch systems. Cyclic pushover analysis was carried out to evaluate the performance of the RC frames including cracking, reinforcement stresses, global behaviour and performance indices. In the bare frame, joint damage was severe with reinforcement reaching yield stresses at about 0.9% drift level and crack width exceeding 2.3mm at ultimate displacement level(1.91% drift). In contrast, retrofitted frames exhibited crack migration toward post-haunch regions, resulting in insignificant joint crack widths, with plastic hinge formation occurring in the beam along with increase in ductility and overstrength factors up to 22% and 65.33% respectively. In addition, the stresses in reinforcement in the joint region were within the elastic limits even at ultimate displacement. Hysteresis curves demonstrated significant improvement with increase in energy dissipation capacity from 27.7% to 336.6% with the increase in size of haunch.