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<p>Among the most important geotechnical engineering methods to overcome the low strength and high plasticity of cohesive soils is soil stabilization. Researchers have used stabilizing agents like lime, cement, bitumen and silica fume etc. for soil stabilization. Traditional chemical stabilization (cement, bitumen, lime and chemical salts etc.) involves serious environmental concerns such as natural resource depletion, high carbon foot print and greenhouse gas emissions. This research addresses this concern by studying the combined effect of silica fume (SF) and rubber powder (RP), both industrial by-products. SF and RP with different contents (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and (3%, 5%, 7% and 9%) respectively were used for stabilization of clayey soil. The research also explores the combined use of these two admixtures SF/RP (2.5/1.5%, 5/2.5%, 7.5/3.5% and 10/4.5%), something rarely explored. The samples were cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28. Laboratory tests including Atterberg limits, specific gravity test, modified Proctor and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were conducted. The findings indicated that SF decreased soil plasticity and enhanced strength by pozzolanic reactions, with the final peak of UCS of 247&#xa0;kPa with the addition of 10% of the sample after 28&#xa0;days. RP also lowered consistency limits and density; its optimum performance was observed at 5% addition with a UCS of 189&#xa0;kPa. The compaction behavior revealed that SF slightly decreased maximum dry density with increased demand of water, while RP produced a lesser optimum moisture content. Additionally, curing time significantly affected the strength gains and compaction characteristics. The synergistic effect of SF and RP generated enhanced results utilizing the high reactivity of the SF and the lightness and elasticity of the RP showing promise to use them as sustainable stabilizers.</p>

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Synergistic role of scrap rubber powder and silica fume in enhancing cohesive soil behavior: sustainable soil improvement

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年1月3日

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  • Muhammad Farhan Malik,
  • Hamza Ahmad Qureshi,
  • Mohammad Ilyas Siddiqi,
  • Muhammad Tayyab Jan,
  • Irfan Jamil

摘要

Among the most important geotechnical engineering methods to overcome the low strength and high plasticity of cohesive soils is soil stabilization. Researchers have used stabilizing agents like lime, cement, bitumen and silica fume etc. for soil stabilization. Traditional chemical stabilization (cement, bitumen, lime and chemical salts etc.) involves serious environmental concerns such as natural resource depletion, high carbon foot print and greenhouse gas emissions. This research addresses this concern by studying the combined effect of silica fume (SF) and rubber powder (RP), both industrial by-products. SF and RP with different contents (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%) and (3%, 5%, 7% and 9%) respectively were used for stabilization of clayey soil. The research also explores the combined use of these two admixtures SF/RP (2.5/1.5%, 5/2.5%, 7.5/3.5% and 10/4.5%), something rarely explored. The samples were cured for 7, 14, 21 and 28. Laboratory tests including Atterberg limits, specific gravity test, modified Proctor and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) were conducted. The findings indicated that SF decreased soil plasticity and enhanced strength by pozzolanic reactions, with the final peak of UCS of 247 kPa with the addition of 10% of the sample after 28 days. RP also lowered consistency limits and density; its optimum performance was observed at 5% addition with a UCS of 189 kPa. The compaction behavior revealed that SF slightly decreased maximum dry density with increased demand of water, while RP produced a lesser optimum moisture content. Additionally, curing time significantly affected the strength gains and compaction characteristics. The synergistic effect of SF and RP generated enhanced results utilizing the high reactivity of the SF and the lightness and elasticity of the RP showing promise to use them as sustainable stabilizers.