The Impact of Various Binders on Durability and Mechanical Characteristics of Eco-Friendly Self-Compacting Concrete Contained Waste Activated Carbon Particles
摘要
This research study focuses on the behavior of eco- friendly self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixed with industrial waste materials. Activated Carbon (AC) particles partially replaced river sand, while Ceramic powder (CP), limestone powder (LP), and cement kiln dust (CKD) replaced 20% of the cement content. The fresh and mechanical properties, microstructure characteristics, and durability performance of SCC mixtures were systematically evaluated. The results showed that adding AC enhanced workability and promoted hydration continuity through internal curing, which was verified by SEM observations. The reference mixture exhibited the highest compressive strength, which was around 65 MPa at 28 days and about 73 MPa at 56 days. The strength development in the SCC activated carbon mixture (C12) was almost 12% between 28 and 56 days, indicating increased microstructural densification with time. Other mixtures modified with waste showed lower compressive strength because of binder dilution and higher porosity; however, there were consistent strength gains of about 9 to 11% with the curing age. Durability tests indicated that using LP and AC together increased resistance to magnesium sulfate attack. However, SCC mixtures with AC showed greater mass loss when exposed to high temperatures of 600 °C. In general, the results confirm that activated carbon has a positive effect on hydration efficiency and strength development in sustainable SCC, but it is necessary to find the optimal replacement levels for maintaining high mechanical performance.