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<p>In this study, the temperature field evolution and excavation stability during artificial ground freezing (AGF) construction of subway cross passages in water-rich gravelly sand were systematically investigated. A 1:20 scaled model experiment was designed and carried out, followed by the development and validation of a finite element model to simulate the complete process of active freezing, excavation, and thaw settlement. The results indicate that a stable frozen curtain formed after 60&#xa0;h of active freezing, achieving the design temperature of –22&#xa0;°C and meeting the safety requirements for excavation. The use of high-performance insulation material reduced the time to reach the target temperature by approximately 6&#xa0;h. The surface displacement during the frost heave stage reached 0.415&#xa0;mm, whereas the maximum strain in the lining structure occurred at the arch crown during thawing. The increase in surface load had the most significant impact during the thaw settlement period, resulting in an additional settlement of 0.131&#xa0;mm and pronounced deformation at the joints of the lining structure. These findings validate the applicability of AGF in such challenging strata and emphasize the critical need for enhanced protection and treatment of lining joints under variable surface loading conditions in practical engineering.</p>

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Temperature Field and Excavation Stability of Subway Cross-passage Construction During Artificial Ground Freezing Under the Condition of a Water-Rich Gravelly Sand Layer

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月21日

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  • Chao Wang,
  • Dechun Lu,
  • Ziyue Han,
  • Fengyuan Wu,
  • Hao Xu

摘要

In this study, the temperature field evolution and excavation stability during artificial ground freezing (AGF) construction of subway cross passages in water-rich gravelly sand were systematically investigated. A 1:20 scaled model experiment was designed and carried out, followed by the development and validation of a finite element model to simulate the complete process of active freezing, excavation, and thaw settlement. The results indicate that a stable frozen curtain formed after 60 h of active freezing, achieving the design temperature of –22 °C and meeting the safety requirements for excavation. The use of high-performance insulation material reduced the time to reach the target temperature by approximately 6 h. The surface displacement during the frost heave stage reached 0.415 mm, whereas the maximum strain in the lining structure occurred at the arch crown during thawing. The increase in surface load had the most significant impact during the thaw settlement period, resulting in an additional settlement of 0.131 mm and pronounced deformation at the joints of the lining structure. These findings validate the applicability of AGF in such challenging strata and emphasize the critical need for enhanced protection and treatment of lining joints under variable surface loading conditions in practical engineering.