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<p>This study examines dewatering design and construction for deep foundation pits under complex hydrogeological conditions, using the Haimen–Taicang Yangtze River Tunnel as a case study. Single- and multi-well pumping tests were conducted to evaluate hydraulic parameters and the connectivity of the phreatic and confined aquifers. The confined aquifer exhibited higher permeability, while the intervening aquitard effectively limited hydraulic interaction between the two aquifers. The phreatic aquifer was characterized by rapid drainage, whereas the confined aquifer exhibited a delayed, pressure-controlled response. Based on the large-well method combined with field test results, a dewatering system consisting of internal and external dewatering wells and pressure relief wells was designed and optimized. Staged pumping and optimization of pressure relief wells enabled the safety factor against bottom heave to reach 1.10 or higher, in compliance with regulatory requirements. Monitoring results demonstrated that dewatering-induced environmental impacts were effectively controlled. Surface settlement and structural displacements remained within specified limits, with a maximum surface settlement of 3.28&#xa0;mm and a maximum deep horizontal displacement of the retaining wall of 6.78&#xa0;mm. This study provides practical and scientific guidance for dewatering design and construction in similar deep excavation projects under complex hydrogeological conditions.</p>

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Design and Evaluation of Dewatering Schemes of Excavation in Water-Rich Silty Sand Deposits: A Case Study

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Xinyue Fan,
  • Biao Zeng,
  • Dingwen Zhang,
  • Huan Song,
  • Shaoqiang You,
  • Jicheng Shu

摘要

This study examines dewatering design and construction for deep foundation pits under complex hydrogeological conditions, using the Haimen–Taicang Yangtze River Tunnel as a case study. Single- and multi-well pumping tests were conducted to evaluate hydraulic parameters and the connectivity of the phreatic and confined aquifers. The confined aquifer exhibited higher permeability, while the intervening aquitard effectively limited hydraulic interaction between the two aquifers. The phreatic aquifer was characterized by rapid drainage, whereas the confined aquifer exhibited a delayed, pressure-controlled response. Based on the large-well method combined with field test results, a dewatering system consisting of internal and external dewatering wells and pressure relief wells was designed and optimized. Staged pumping and optimization of pressure relief wells enabled the safety factor against bottom heave to reach 1.10 or higher, in compliance with regulatory requirements. Monitoring results demonstrated that dewatering-induced environmental impacts were effectively controlled. Surface settlement and structural displacements remained within specified limits, with a maximum surface settlement of 3.28 mm and a maximum deep horizontal displacement of the retaining wall of 6.78 mm. This study provides practical and scientific guidance for dewatering design and construction in similar deep excavation projects under complex hydrogeological conditions.