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<p>The unique behaviors of asymmetric strata loss and over-excavation during curve shield tunneling is addressed in this study, which reveals the dynamic evolution mechanism of asymmetric arching effects from a multiscale perspective. Through transparent soil-particle image velocimetry (PIV) visualization tests and discrete element simulations (DEM), the critical burial depth conditions and stage characteristics of asymmetric soil arch formation were elucidated. A three-dimensional finite element model was established to analyze the evolution of asymmetric soil arches during curve shield tunneling and the effect of key parameters. The results reveal that the asymmetric soil arch effect caused by over-excavation is controlled by burial depth: when the burial depth ratio is 1.0, the maximum ground settlement is 3.2&#xa0;mm with no soil arch; when the burial depth ratio is 2.0, the settlement is 2.4&#xa0;mm, and the soil arch partially develops; when the burial depth ratio is 3.0, the settlement is 1.3&#xa0;mm, and a soil arch is formed at a distance equal to one tunnel diameter above the tunnel. The soil arch has a “longitudinal–transverse section conversion” feature, reaching a maximum height of 22.21&#xa0;m and stabilizing at 21.57&#xa0;m after grouting. Increasing the internal friction angle and cohesion can reduces the vertical stress at the tunnel top, and stabilization occurs when the internal friction angle exceeds 25° and the burial depth ratio exceeds 1.5. The constructed soil pressure ratio model provides a basis for controlling curved tunnel construction.</p>

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Research on the Dynamic Evolution Mechanism of Soil Arching in Curve Shield Tunneling Based on Asymmetric Strata Loss

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月20日

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  • Qiyu Song,
  • Mengxi Zhang,
  • Akbar A. Javadi,
  • Ao Huang

摘要

The unique behaviors of asymmetric strata loss and over-excavation during curve shield tunneling is addressed in this study, which reveals the dynamic evolution mechanism of asymmetric arching effects from a multiscale perspective. Through transparent soil-particle image velocimetry (PIV) visualization tests and discrete element simulations (DEM), the critical burial depth conditions and stage characteristics of asymmetric soil arch formation were elucidated. A three-dimensional finite element model was established to analyze the evolution of asymmetric soil arches during curve shield tunneling and the effect of key parameters. The results reveal that the asymmetric soil arch effect caused by over-excavation is controlled by burial depth: when the burial depth ratio is 1.0, the maximum ground settlement is 3.2 mm with no soil arch; when the burial depth ratio is 2.0, the settlement is 2.4 mm, and the soil arch partially develops; when the burial depth ratio is 3.0, the settlement is 1.3 mm, and a soil arch is formed at a distance equal to one tunnel diameter above the tunnel. The soil arch has a “longitudinal–transverse section conversion” feature, reaching a maximum height of 22.21 m and stabilizing at 21.57 m after grouting. Increasing the internal friction angle and cohesion can reduces the vertical stress at the tunnel top, and stabilization occurs when the internal friction angle exceeds 25° and the burial depth ratio exceeds 1.5. The constructed soil pressure ratio model provides a basis for controlling curved tunnel construction.