<p>To clarify the dynamic response mechanisms of gas storage structures with interlayers under blasting loads, this study adopted a comprehensive approach integrating theoretical analysis, physical model testing, and numerical simulation. Systematic investigations were conducted on the effects of key weak interlayer parameters (spacing, inclination angle, width) on the structural dynamic response, and targeted safety control measures were proposed accordingly. Results indicate that intersection between the gas storage and interlayer induces shear misalignment at the interlayer interface, accompanied by abrupt circumferential strain variations. Tensile damage is apt to occur near the interlayer and at the hance, necessitating focused protective measures. With increasing interlayer-storage spacing, the peak particle velocity (PPV) near the right interlayer, lining plastic strain, plastic zone extent, and interlayer peak circumferential strain increase, while the left interlayer interface’s peak circumferential strain decreases; beyond a spacing of 0.4r, the interlayer exerts a significant impact on the sealing layer’s peak circumferential strain. As the interlayer inclination angle increases, the structure’s PPV, peak circumferential strain, plastic strain increment, and plastic zone gradually diminish; when the angle exceeds 45°, the maximum PPV shifts from the interlayer vicinity to the right hance. Increasing interlayer width remarkably enhances the aforementioned dynamic response parameters near the interlayer; beyond 0.4r width, the strain of adjacent lining and sealing layer rises sharply, with larger widths significantly amplifying the interlayer’s destructive effect on the gas storage.</p>