Automatic Target Recognition for Low Resolution Ground Surveillance Radars Using Ensemble Deep Learning Algorithms
摘要
This paper presents an advanced automatic target recognition (ATR) system for ground surveillance radars (GSRs) that addresses the inherent complexity of raw radar data, including intricate Doppler and micro-Doppler signatures. The proposed solution is a novel multi-model deep learning framework that leverages a large, unique dataset acquired through simulation of different ground targets. This synthetic data was generated to model two distinct low-resolution radars operating in the Ku and X-bands. This framework incorporates a long short-term memory (LSTM) network for temporal sequences, a network that leverages audio analogies from the inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) of Doppler data, a convolutional neural network (CNN) for spectrogram images, and a network trained on statistical features. To enhance robustness, we employ diverse decision fusion strategies, including soft voting, hard voting, and a meta-classifier approach, to synergistically combine the outputs. A crucial element is the introduction of a novel dynamic temporal post-processing method, which we term temporal label smoothing (TLS). This method significantly improves robustness and accuracy by exploiting the temporal consistency of target behaviors. The system achieves on average 3 to 6% increase in accuracy over the best single-model classifier. The paper demonstrates substantial performance improvements across a wide array of diverse targets.