<p>Recently, energy scheduling in electrical distribution grids by utilizing optimal solutions such as smart infrastructures, distributed generators (DGs), demand-side management (DSM) approaches, and energy storage systems (ESSs) is considered a modern tool for operators of energy grids. This study focused on day-ahead energy scheduling in a smart electrical distribution grid (SEDG) with the implementation DSM approaches and onsite generation by ESSs. The proposed energy scheduling is modeled as a multi-criteria two-stage optimization with the participation of the consumers, the electrical distribution company (DisCo), and DGs owner. In the upper stage, multi-criteria optimization is modeled as minimizing consumers’ bills via onsite energy generation (OEG) by ESSs and DSM approaches like energy demand shifting (EDS) and energy demand reduction (EDR). Also, in the lower stage, maximizing the profit of DisCo and DGs owner are modeled as multi-criteria optimization subject to optimization of the energy in the upper stage. The optimization of consumers’ bills in the upper stage is scheduled considering energy pricing in DisCo. The impact of the proposed approach is investigated on the technical indices like load factor (LF) and voltage profile. The solving problem for all stages and multi-criteria optimization is done by the enhanced sunflower optimization algorithm (ESFOA). At each stage, the TOPSIS decision method is applied to determine the optimal solution in multi-criteria optimization. The proposed energy scheduling approach is carried out on 69-bus electrical distribution test grid. Finally, the results show the optimal values of the multi-criteria optimization in each stage with the participation of the consumers by comparative analysis of different case studies. Considering DSM approaches in energy optimization profit of DisCo and DGs owner is maximized by 6.68% and 7.28%, respectively.</p>

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A Multi-criteria Two-Stage Energy Scheduling in Smart Electrical Distribution Grid Considering Demand Side Management Approaches and Onsite Generation by Energy Storage Systems

  • Seyed Hashem Tarafan,
  • Ghasem Derakhshan,
  • Seyed Mehdi Hakimi

摘要

Recently, energy scheduling in electrical distribution grids by utilizing optimal solutions such as smart infrastructures, distributed generators (DGs), demand-side management (DSM) approaches, and energy storage systems (ESSs) is considered a modern tool for operators of energy grids. This study focused on day-ahead energy scheduling in a smart electrical distribution grid (SEDG) with the implementation DSM approaches and onsite generation by ESSs. The proposed energy scheduling is modeled as a multi-criteria two-stage optimization with the participation of the consumers, the electrical distribution company (DisCo), and DGs owner. In the upper stage, multi-criteria optimization is modeled as minimizing consumers’ bills via onsite energy generation (OEG) by ESSs and DSM approaches like energy demand shifting (EDS) and energy demand reduction (EDR). Also, in the lower stage, maximizing the profit of DisCo and DGs owner are modeled as multi-criteria optimization subject to optimization of the energy in the upper stage. The optimization of consumers’ bills in the upper stage is scheduled considering energy pricing in DisCo. The impact of the proposed approach is investigated on the technical indices like load factor (LF) and voltage profile. The solving problem for all stages and multi-criteria optimization is done by the enhanced sunflower optimization algorithm (ESFOA). At each stage, the TOPSIS decision method is applied to determine the optimal solution in multi-criteria optimization. The proposed energy scheduling approach is carried out on 69-bus electrical distribution test grid. Finally, the results show the optimal values of the multi-criteria optimization in each stage with the participation of the consumers by comparative analysis of different case studies. Considering DSM approaches in energy optimization profit of DisCo and DGs owner is maximized by 6.68% and 7.28%, respectively.