<p>Accurate prediction of wave propagation in advanced composite materials is essential for applications such as structural health monitoring, vibration control, and damage detection. However, classical thermoelastic theories often fail to capture small-scale effects and time-dependent thermal behavior, particularly in fiber-reinforced materials with microstructural features such as voids. In this study, wave propagation in a fiber-reinforced visco-thermoelastic medium with voids is investigated using two generalized theoretical frameworks that incorporate nonlocal elasticity and memory-dependent heat conduction. The proposed models account for spatial interactions at micro- and nano-scales as well as hereditary thermal effects, providing a more realistic representation of material behavior under dynamic loading. The results reveal that nonlocal parameters significantly influence wave dispersion and phase velocity, especially at small length scales, while memory-dependent terms improve the prediction of attenuation and thermal relaxation effects. A comparative analysis of the two models highlights their effectiveness in capturing coupled thermo-mechanical wave characteristics. These findings demonstrate that the integration of nonlocal and memory-dependent effects enhances the predictive capability of wave propagation models in complex composites. The study provides useful insights for the design and optimization of advanced materials used in aerospace, civil engineering, and smart structural systems.</p>