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<p>With rapid population growth in coastal regions, groundwater abstraction has intensified, increasing pressure on coastal aquifers and accelerating saltwater intrusion. This process disrupts the natural balance between fresh and saline groundwater and poses a serious threat to both water quality and water availability. Although saltwater intrusion has been widely studied, fewer investigations have quantified its temporal evolution at the local aquifer scale using site-specific hydrogeological conditions. In this context, the present study applies the SEAWAT model to evaluate the extent and progression of saltwater intrusion in the Nowshahr–Nur aquifer along the Caspian Sea coast. The main objective is to assess the current status and temporal development of intrusion by jointly analyzing groundwater-level changes and chloride concentration patterns under continued pumping stress. The simulations indicate that the saline front migrated inland by approximately 860&#xa0;m during the study period, with the highest salinity levels occurring in the central and northwestern parts of the aquifer, where groundwater abstraction is most intense. The results further suggest that increasing salinity may reduce groundwater suitability for irrigation and may contribute to soil salinization in vulnerable agricultural areas. These findings provide a scientific basis for groundwater management in the study area, particularly with respect to abstraction control, well regulation, and long-term monitoring. The identified salinization patterns may also support land-use planning, salinity-risk zoning, and the development of mitigation strategies for sustainable management of coastal groundwater resources.</p>

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Quantifying the Impact of Saltwater Intrusion on Coastal Aquifers: A Mathematical Modeling Approach

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年7月20日

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  • Farshid Alizadeh,
  • Iraj Saeedpanah

摘要

With rapid population growth in coastal regions, groundwater abstraction has intensified, increasing pressure on coastal aquifers and accelerating saltwater intrusion. This process disrupts the natural balance between fresh and saline groundwater and poses a serious threat to both water quality and water availability. Although saltwater intrusion has been widely studied, fewer investigations have quantified its temporal evolution at the local aquifer scale using site-specific hydrogeological conditions. In this context, the present study applies the SEAWAT model to evaluate the extent and progression of saltwater intrusion in the Nowshahr–Nur aquifer along the Caspian Sea coast. The main objective is to assess the current status and temporal development of intrusion by jointly analyzing groundwater-level changes and chloride concentration patterns under continued pumping stress. The simulations indicate that the saline front migrated inland by approximately 860 m during the study period, with the highest salinity levels occurring in the central and northwestern parts of the aquifer, where groundwater abstraction is most intense. The results further suggest that increasing salinity may reduce groundwater suitability for irrigation and may contribute to soil salinization in vulnerable agricultural areas. These findings provide a scientific basis for groundwater management in the study area, particularly with respect to abstraction control, well regulation, and long-term monitoring. The identified salinization patterns may also support land-use planning, salinity-risk zoning, and the development of mitigation strategies for sustainable management of coastal groundwater resources.