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<p>Slope stability analysis traditionally relies on peak soil strength parameters, which proves inappropriate and unsafe for long-term design in strain-softening soils. This study performs a comparative slope stability analysis for the Kalialang Lama slope in Semarang under peak, fully softened, and residual conditions using PLAXIS LE confirming that residual conditions govern long-term stability and necessitate reinforcement, with bored piles identified as the preferred measure. This research bridges a critical gap by benchmarking traditional Broms and Elastic Solution methods against the advanced FHWA <i>p</i>-<i>y</i> approach for laterally loaded piles in high-plasticity residual soils. The Broms method proved overly conservative for bending moment, while the Elastic Solution significantly over-predicted lateral deflection. The FHWA <i>p</i>-<i>y</i> analysis provided a balanced benchmark in terms of moment and deflection. Furthermore, a novel multi-variable optimization framework is introduced. This framework is distinguished by a two-stage process that first screens pile locations for compliance with FHWA spatial guidelines, then applies a structural efficiency ratio (<InlineEquation ID="IEq1"> <EquationSource Format="TEX">\(R = M_{max}/Q_g\)</EquationSource> </InlineEquation>) to identify the most material-efficient design. The optimization is underpinned by benchmarking against the advanced FHWA <i>p</i>-<i>y</i> method, ensuring that the bending moments used in the efficiency calculation are realistic and not distorted by the limitations of simpler analytical methods.</p>

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Optimizing Bored Pile Reinforcement for Slope Stability: A Comparative Analysis of Soil Strength Conditions

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年4月29日

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  • Arief Andriansyah,
  • Bobby Rio Indriyantho,
  • Kresno Wikan Sadono,
  • Asyam Mahdy,
  • Efrat Imanuel Linting

摘要

Slope stability analysis traditionally relies on peak soil strength parameters, which proves inappropriate and unsafe for long-term design in strain-softening soils. This study performs a comparative slope stability analysis for the Kalialang Lama slope in Semarang under peak, fully softened, and residual conditions using PLAXIS LE confirming that residual conditions govern long-term stability and necessitate reinforcement, with bored piles identified as the preferred measure. This research bridges a critical gap by benchmarking traditional Broms and Elastic Solution methods against the advanced FHWA p-y approach for laterally loaded piles in high-plasticity residual soils. The Broms method proved overly conservative for bending moment, while the Elastic Solution significantly over-predicted lateral deflection. The FHWA p-y analysis provided a balanced benchmark in terms of moment and deflection. Furthermore, a novel multi-variable optimization framework is introduced. This framework is distinguished by a two-stage process that first screens pile locations for compliance with FHWA spatial guidelines, then applies a structural efficiency ratio ( \(R = M_{max}/Q_g\) ) to identify the most material-efficient design. The optimization is underpinned by benchmarking against the advanced FHWA p-y method, ensuring that the bending moments used in the efficiency calculation are realistic and not distorted by the limitations of simpler analytical methods.