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<p>The growing emphasis on sustainable construction has encouraged the use of supplementary cementitious materials in concrete production, aiming to mitigate the environmental impact of cement manufacturing. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) has emerged as one of the most widely utilized pozzolans owing to its proven contributions to long-term strength, durability, and resource availability. In the present study, GGBS has been incorporated as a partial replacement for cement in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) at levels ranging from 10 to 50%. The physicochemical properties of GGBS have been characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). To statistically validate the experimental findings, the Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test has been applied to identify significant differences between cement replacement levels. The incorporation of GGBS has enhanced the fresh properties of SCC, including slump flow, V-funnel time, and L-box ratio, demonstrating improved workability. Mechanical performance, assessed through compressive, split-tensile, flexural, and impact strength, has shown marked improvements at later ages due to the pozzolanic activity of GGBS, which has facilitated the formation of additional calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel. Microstructural observations at 28 and 90 days have confirmed a denser, more compact matrix with reduced porosity at longer curing periods. An optimal replacement level of 30% GGBS has been identified, yielding superior performance in both fresh and hardened states. Post hoc Tukey analysis has further indicated that significant differences are more evident at higher replacement ratios and extended curing ages. The findings have confirmed that GGBS is an effective pozzolanic material that enhances the overall quality of SCC while supporting the development of sustainable concrete technologies.</p>

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Performance Evaluation and Statistical Analysis of Sustainable GGBS-Based Self Compacting Concrete

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年3月12日

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  • K. Vedhasakthi,
  • R. Chithra,
  • N. Shanmugasundaram,
  • P. Gowdhamramkarthik

摘要

The growing emphasis on sustainable construction has encouraged the use of supplementary cementitious materials in concrete production, aiming to mitigate the environmental impact of cement manufacturing. Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) has emerged as one of the most widely utilized pozzolans owing to its proven contributions to long-term strength, durability, and resource availability. In the present study, GGBS has been incorporated as a partial replacement for cement in Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) at levels ranging from 10 to 50%. The physicochemical properties of GGBS have been characterized using Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). To statistically validate the experimental findings, the Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test has been applied to identify significant differences between cement replacement levels. The incorporation of GGBS has enhanced the fresh properties of SCC, including slump flow, V-funnel time, and L-box ratio, demonstrating improved workability. Mechanical performance, assessed through compressive, split-tensile, flexural, and impact strength, has shown marked improvements at later ages due to the pozzolanic activity of GGBS, which has facilitated the formation of additional calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) gel. Microstructural observations at 28 and 90 days have confirmed a denser, more compact matrix with reduced porosity at longer curing periods. An optimal replacement level of 30% GGBS has been identified, yielding superior performance in both fresh and hardened states. Post hoc Tukey analysis has further indicated that significant differences are more evident at higher replacement ratios and extended curing ages. The findings have confirmed that GGBS is an effective pozzolanic material that enhances the overall quality of SCC while supporting the development of sustainable concrete technologies.