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<p>The present work knits together experimental testing and machine learning to evaluate the mechanical and durability performance of hybrid nano-clay–carbon nanotube (CNT) concrete. Unlike previous studies that separately explored nanomaterials, this work investigates a hybrid nanomodification strategy that simultaneously leverages the pozzolanic microfilling characteristics of nano clay and the crack-bridging reinforcement provided by CNTs, establishing a novel combined mechanism for matrix densification and strength enhancement. In the current study, partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement with nano clay (0–6%) and the addition of CNTs (0–0.20%) resulted in sixteen mixes, which were tested for compressive, flexural, split tensile strength, and water absorption. Accordingly, the optimal hybrid mix containing 4% nano clay and 0.10% CNT developed 28-day strengths of 46.8&#xa0;MPa in compressive, 6.10&#xa0;MPa in flexural, and 3.80&#xa0;MPa in split tensile tests, alongside a 33% reduction in water absorption The optimal hybrid mix (4% nano clay + 0.10% CNT) achieved 20% higher compressive, 27% higher flexural, and 23% higher split tensile strength, along with a 33% reduction in water absorption. Polynomial regression demonstrated strong predictive capability (R² = 0.94–0.99; RMSE = 0.42–0.74). The findings indicate the practical potential of hybrid nano modification for durable, high-performance concrete. Results have emphasized the practical potential of hybrid nanomaterial concrete for industry adoption, particularly in cases where enhanced durability, reduced permeability, and improved mechanical behavior are essential for long-lasting infrastructure.</p>

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Hybrid Nano Clay–CNT Concrete: Experimental and Machine Learning-Based Evaluation of Strength and Durability

  • 期刊论文

  • 发表日期：

    2026年2月26日

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  • Swapnil Kurhade,
  • Pankaj Autade,
  • Pralhad Walvekar,
  • Pravin Gunaware,
  • Ravikant Sathe,
  • Amol Kamble

摘要

The present work knits together experimental testing and machine learning to evaluate the mechanical and durability performance of hybrid nano-clay–carbon nanotube (CNT) concrete. Unlike previous studies that separately explored nanomaterials, this work investigates a hybrid nanomodification strategy that simultaneously leverages the pozzolanic microfilling characteristics of nano clay and the crack-bridging reinforcement provided by CNTs, establishing a novel combined mechanism for matrix densification and strength enhancement. In the current study, partial replacement of ordinary Portland cement with nano clay (0–6%) and the addition of CNTs (0–0.20%) resulted in sixteen mixes, which were tested for compressive, flexural, split tensile strength, and water absorption. Accordingly, the optimal hybrid mix containing 4% nano clay and 0.10% CNT developed 28-day strengths of 46.8 MPa in compressive, 6.10 MPa in flexural, and 3.80 MPa in split tensile tests, alongside a 33% reduction in water absorption The optimal hybrid mix (4% nano clay + 0.10% CNT) achieved 20% higher compressive, 27% higher flexural, and 23% higher split tensile strength, along with a 33% reduction in water absorption. Polynomial regression demonstrated strong predictive capability (R² = 0.94–0.99; RMSE = 0.42–0.74). The findings indicate the practical potential of hybrid nano modification for durable, high-performance concrete. Results have emphasized the practical potential of hybrid nanomaterial concrete for industry adoption, particularly in cases where enhanced durability, reduced permeability, and improved mechanical behavior are essential for long-lasting infrastructure.